Frankenstein, Community, and the Individual Essay -- Literary Analysis

Many innovations throughout the modern world have made life significantly easier, safer, of higher quality, and are said to be done for the "greater good of humanity". However, these accomplishments come at a cost, as expressed through the concepts of creation and responsibility that lie at the core of Mary Shelley's Frankenstein. It is through these concepts that Shelley explores how society has changed during Romanticism and the Industrial Revolution, with lessening importance on shared knowledge and the "public sphere" and more emphasis on individual achievement and identity, leading to a fractured and isolated society. In this paper I argue that Mary Shelley's Frankenstein criticizes the impacts of Industrial Revolution and Romantic era-inspired individualism on the community and individual, using Victor Frankenstein's disruption of the reproductive process and subsequent relationship with his creation as examples of potential negative consequences. To begin our analysis, I will look to how Mary Shelley positions Victor Frankenstein's motivations to create life against natural laws within the ideas of individualism, as Victor can correlate directly to the educated human at the center of Enlightenment, Industrialism, and Romanticism values. With the burgeoning interest in scientific discovery during the Industrial Revolution "transform[ing] British culture" and "changing the world"(Lipking 2065), many concepts of society were also changed, which Shelley looked to explore through Victor's actions. Rooted in the scientifically curious spirit of Industrial England, Victor's attempt to create life can show many examples of how an importance of the individual acquisition of knowledge and accomplishment can disrupt society. Victor's... ...athetic Community In Frankenstein And 'The Structure Of Torture'." Science Fiction Studies 36.2 [108] (2009): 205-216. MLA International Bibliography. Web. 9 May 2012 Hogsette, David S. "Metaphysical Intersections In Frankenstein: Mary Shelley's Theistic Investigation Of Scientific Materialism And Transgressive Autonomy." Christianity And Literature 60.4 (2011): 531-560. MLA International Bibliography. Web. 9 May 2012. Lipking, Lawrence I, Stephen Greenblatt, and M H. Abrams. The Norton Anthology of English Literature: Volume 1c. New York: W.W. Norton & Co, 2006. Print. Melton, James V. H. The Rise of the Public in Enlightenment Europe. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2001. Print. Stillinger, Jack, Deidre Lynch, Stephen Greenblatt, and M H. Abrams. The Norton Anthology of English Literature: Volume D. New York, N.Y: W.W. Norton & Co, 2006. Print. .

Ice Wine Research Paper Essay

Wine is known to be an extremely versatile and malleable food source. It has the ability to please both the palette as well as the intellect. There are countless varietals of wine, including the ever exotic Eiswein, or as it is more commonly known as Ice Wine. The production of Ice Wine requires very specific parameters. So much so that it cannot be produced in most countries. Only some of the coldest climates can yield Ice Wine. Two of which are Canada and Germany. These two produce about 75 percent of the entire world’s Ice Wine. (What is the history of Ice Wine wine). Ice Wine has a long history. The first mentioning of Ice Wine can date back to the Roman times. These reports have stated that there were certain grapes that could not be harvested before the frost has taken hold of them. Many believe the first post-Roman Ice Wine was created in Franconia, Germany in 1794. Although much of these reports are tentative, seeing as a lot of the documentation has been lost to time. The most accurate depiction of the history of Ice Wine would be from Dromersheim to Bingen in Rheinhessen on February 11, 1830. (What is the History of Ice Wine wine?) The grapes were left hanging on vines for use as animal feed. Upon the arrival of the frost it was discovered that these grapes yielded a very sweet must. Must or young wine is freshly pressed essence of fruit that contains skins, seeds, and stems of the fruit. Must is an essential part of the preliminary steps in winemaking. Once this must was pressed some of the first documented Ice Wines were produced. Once the invention of the pneumatic bladder occurred Germany Ice Wines grew in popularity. They were eventually being produced on a semi-mass production level in 1961. Karl Kaiser a co-owner of the winery known as Inniskillin was seeking to create his own Canadian version of the Ice Wine. He along with fellow neighbor Ewald Reif left grapes on their vines in an attempt to produce the highly sought after treat. The result was a tragic loss of the entire harvest of grapes. In 1984 Kaiser decided to use a new tactic for cultivating the frosty grapes. He draped a net over his vines and produced Inniskillin’s first Ice wine. Being made from Vidal grapes this wine was labeled Eiswein. This kick started the production of Eiswein from a commercial standpoint. It increasingly grew in popularity among the locals of Canada. Pretty soon everyone was attempting their hand at production of it. †International breakthrough of Canadian ice wine came in 1991, when Inniskillin’s 1989 Vidal ice wine won the Grand Prix d’Honneur at Vinexpo. The Canadian trend towards increased cultivation of Vitis Vinifera grape varieties in the 1990s expanded the palette of varieties available to be bitten by frost. † (What is the History of Wine Making? ) The official snag of first place was taken by Canada in the early 2000s. The production of Eiswein in Germany had started to rapidly slow down, thus allowing Canada to take the spot for the number one producer of Ice Wine in the Entire world. The production of Ice wine demands a variety of variables. One of which is the climate. In order for it to be properly produced the climate must be perfect for the specifications the grapes require. It cannot be frigid cold, but it cannot be too hot either. It needs to be cold enough to keep a frost, but still warm enough that the grapes are not rotted from the cold. â€Å"Officially, ice-wine grapes can only be harvested when frozen solid. Ontario’s Vintners Quality Alliance says it has to be -8  °C or below, while the world’s official wine body, the International Office of Vine and Wine (OIV), stipulates -7  °C or below. Both are adamant that grapes have to be frozen naturally, out of doors and on the vine. † (â€Å"Extreme winemaking† 54). This causes for some unusual picking conditions. Many times the grapes have to be harvested at night, and pressed in an area that has little heat whatsoever. Most winemakers obsessively watch the weather, waiting for that special moment where the temperature plummets to -9  °C and remains there. Once this has happened they must act quickly to salvage the grapes. Since the grapes are frozen it generally requires much more of them to produce a sufficient amount of Ice wine in comparison to how many it takes for regular wine to be produced. It is imperative that the temperature is low, it is crucial to the sweetness of the wine. As the temperature of the grape decreases the sugar content rises. By regulation, ice-wine grapes must have a minimum sugar content of 35 ° Brix — that’s 35 grams of sugar in every 100 grams of grape juice. A table-wine grape, by contrast, might rate at only 20 ° Brix. At -8 â€Å"C, the grapes will usually be sweet enough. Below -13  °C you can’t get any juice out of them at all (â€Å"Extreme winemaking† 55). Many vineyards process their Ice Wine harvest differently. Some will just haul the pressed grapes outdoors, while others will open the doors to their pressing plant and let the cold air keep the grapes chilled. Timing is another crucial factor; the grapes have to be pressed on the spot. This ensures the juice is thick and sweet. â€Å"It takes much higher pressure — about 6 bar as compared to the normal 1. 5 to 2 — to crush frozen grapes â€Å" (â€Å"Extreme winemaking† 55). Since the grapes yield such a high sugar level it makes it difficult to properly ferment the yeast. So whereas a table wine takes roughly a week to ferment, ice wine takes from two to six months (â€Å"Extreme winemaking, 55). Ice wine can be achieved in two ways. The first is the result of naturally freezing and crushing the grapes. The other is using the method of artificial freezing known as cryoextraction (Diwinetaste). In Canada cryoextraction is forbidden by law to be used. However, in the USA, in order to produce Ice wines this is the method that is most desirable. Due to the restrictions of the climate, Ice wine is notable for its intense variation of flavors compared to normally processed wine. It tends to be extremely sweet and presents an apricot to peach fruitiness when it comes to the aroma. Many would classify Ice Wine as liquefied gold, the tedious circumstances that are required to make Ice wine attribute to the overall price of the product. Half a bottle is generally $40. Ice wine has quite an extensive history. Canada started out being the second best producer of this highly sought after commodity. Shortly they surpassed Germany, and to this day still produce the extremely versatile, but challenging wine. Its requirement for specific temperatures keeps it a pleasant, but rare treat. What with its pleasant mouth feel, to the richness of its fruity undergo, it is highly speculated that this wine will most likely never be surpassed in its complexity and originality.

Reaction Paper on Hidden Heads of Household

Alma Guardado Professor Turkon October 11, 2018 Reaction Paper on Hidden Heads of Household 1.Within Brazil, poor children are found in situations that they can't escape due to extreme poverty and globalization and even culture. Children are sometimes considered head of households, due to their parent's inability to contribute sufficient income, hence, they would be forced to assist. Like for instance, when a mother cannot work due to pregnancy or staying home to take care of the infants, children would be likely to work to replace their mother, â€Å"I realized that it was the littlest one who was getting the most money. So, I let them go alone, until today.† (Kenny, 1997, p.97) Due, to the low amount of employment available, families must move around frequently to available jobs, which most likely led them to overcrowded, violent favela nearby. Culture and politicians contribute into the factor that poor children within these situations, since children have the mindset that they are unskilled and must work in dirty conditions and politics would lie that they would help on â€Å"gas, light and water bills. However, they do not. They just wanted a vote. Children are forced upon their situation based on their family situation and poverty. 2.In Brazil, globalization and economy are global influences that foster child labor. Child labor was influence due to the increase of wealth, since it brought upon an increase of poverty and inequality. A global shift in production resulted into the growth of favelas, where more children were born into. In those horrible conditions they were forced to find a job at a young age to receive for in their plates every night. Also, due to the â€Å"increase of capital investment in factories† in Brazil â€Å"where the labor is cheap, labor laws are not enforced† brought upon more increase of children working there. Also, factory owners preferred children since they can pay them fewer wages. The increase of economy brought upon the desire of more workers to be able produce more goods. 3.As the author emphasizes how she will give details, and the problematic study will result into good results, I honest expected more. I felt it could be consider an exploitation method, but not a study that led to good result. Yes, it did help numerous programs to be formed, yet exploitation does the same. It did not impact the whole situation in a large extent, it pushed positively, but it did not force individuals to stop and wonder what they could do to change the problem. It does a good job, emphasizing the suffering young children are faced and provokes us readers to feel sympathy and heartache knowing what is happening to them. However, does not give valid results, since the programs are not enforced they are created, yet not pushed forward into action. The author herself can use the situation for her benefit for her research. There was no real solution for her study. 4.Global tourism is one of the issues that affect the lives of many children negatively and positively based on the description given in the book. Some children will arrive at 8 am at the tourist location, to beg for tourist for money, however, sometimes they frequently were only offered food, but the kids wanted money due to the easier way to split money among each other and be able to buy what they want with it and hang on to some. Another, positive aspect of tourism was that they brought employment to male children like guides, vendors and based on the satisfaction they might be able to gain extra money or food additionally from their fee for tours. But, for girls sometimes global tourism would be a negative aspect for them, since most of the time they could not have the same jobs as boys due to their physical appearance, hence, they would work in the sex industry. Sexual relationship with foreigners was in the hopes for young women, since it was a strategy for them to deal with poverty, and a desire for travel and material goods. Girls with low-esteem preferred foreigners to Brazilian men, since they thought they treated them better and believed in the hopes of opportunities would come around. In their perspective they believed they were happy since even if they lacked the formal education and financial safety net, they provided money to their family and felt some statues with their peers. The tourist industry brought exploitation of the poor children, however, at the same time brought hopes. 5.The author refers to â€Å"agent† they mean a representative of the whole community or household on their behalf. Specifically, the â€Å"agents† the author refers to is the children, since they are truly the spokesperson telling their own reality of the harsh situations they are facing. In fact, the children should be agents in crafting policies that affect their situation, since it directly affects them. They are the ones who are facing poverty, low wages and harsh conditions and sometimes even the responsibility to have to put money on the table for their family. A fourteen-year-old child should not have the responsibility to work and not be able to receive an education, so why shouldn't they be able to craft the policies that are affecting their own lives. It's not the politicians nor the high-income class or even the adults who are being directly affect, it's the children. They are the ones who are working and facing conditions that most individuals do not face at their age and no one really knows what goes on in their lives, since yes we can research about it, but it does not mean we face it every day like they do, so they should be ones who craft the certain policies rather than those viewing them â€Å"as sweet little victims.† 6. Globalization isn't a tool to eliminate child labor in Brazil or elsewhere. It may be able to increase the employment and even the earnings to poor households in developing countries. But, the more desire for export products led to an increase of demand for labor, however, not towards adults. Within factories, they would prefer children since they could pay them less for their labor. Also, their shortness was desirable, since â€Å"they could fit in small holes and under machines.† (Kenny, 1997, p.7) Adults would be unemployed, or those in Brazil will work along with their children in the mills or textile factories. Altogether, globalization brought a negative effect, since when Brazil created a minor code to restrict children into working only six hours, parents did not like the idea which didn't led to the enforcement, nor was there an elimination of child labor. Also, the global shift increased the growth of urban favelas, which led poverty becoming deeper in Brazil and those who most likely work in factories would live in poverty, due to their low income. Globalization brings a desire for interaction of economy and prosperity, with no consideration of how children are treated. There is a more focus on the products than those creating the products.Kenny, M. L. (1997). Hidden heads of households: Child labor in Northeast Brazil.

Free Essays on Hamlet, Sanity Vs. Insanity

In the play Hamlet, sanity is a major theme that is used to reveal the truth about who people really are. As defined by the dictionary, sanity is â€Å"the quality or statement of being mentally sound and healthy.† Hamlet is a prince in Denmark. He is raised to be noble and groomed to be the future king. Hamlet’s father, King Hamlet, enlists the help of his advisor Polonius to assist him in ruling. Polonius’ daughter Ophelia is of noble status because of her father’s position. Hamlet and Ophelia are the primary characters in the story for which sanity is an issue. In the story, Hamlet is sane, but his behavior leads others to believe that he is insane, or crazy. Ophelia on the other hand, could definitely be considered insane, as her behavior dramatically changes throughout the story. The desperation of her behavior due to her love of Hamlet causes her to go crazy when she is not able to handle Hamlet’s actions that lead her on to believe he is also interested in her. In the second act of the story, Ophelia walks into her room to find Hamlet sitting by the window with his clothes undone. Ophelia seems baffled at this action because it was so out of the ordinary. At this point, Ophelia had not revealed that she had feelings for Hamlet. When she saw him, she stared at him and he left the room. When Ophelia tells her father, Polonius, about what has happened, he is upset. Ophelia tells Polonius how she rejected Hamlet, and Polonius replies, â€Å"That hath made him mad.† (Act 2, Scene 1, lines 120-123) That was the first implication in the story about others thinking Hamlet was crazy. The next occasion Hamlet provided for others to believe he was crazy came out in the 3rd act of the play. As Hamlet was walking through the castle he came across Ophelia reading and pacing in the foyer of the castle. This was typical behavior for Hamlet, but when he saw Ophelia doing this, he thought he was being set up and that Po... Free Essays on Hamlet, Sanity Vs. Insanity Free Essays on Hamlet, Sanity Vs. Insanity In the play Hamlet, sanity is a major theme that is used to reveal the truth about who people really are. As defined by the dictionary, sanity is â€Å"the quality or statement of being mentally sound and healthy.† Hamlet is a prince in Denmark. He is raised to be noble and groomed to be the future king. Hamlet’s father, King Hamlet, enlists the help of his advisor Polonius to assist him in ruling. Polonius’ daughter Ophelia is of noble status because of her father’s position. Hamlet and Ophelia are the primary characters in the story for which sanity is an issue. In the story, Hamlet is sane, but his behavior leads others to believe that he is insane, or crazy. Ophelia on the other hand, could definitely be considered insane, as her behavior dramatically changes throughout the story. The desperation of her behavior due to her love of Hamlet causes her to go crazy when she is not able to handle Hamlet’s actions that lead her on to believe he is also interested in her. In the second act of the story, Ophelia walks into her room to find Hamlet sitting by the window with his clothes undone. Ophelia seems baffled at this action because it was so out of the ordinary. At this point, Ophelia had not revealed that she had feelings for Hamlet. When she saw him, she stared at him and he left the room. When Ophelia tells her father, Polonius, about what has happened, he is upset. Ophelia tells Polonius how she rejected Hamlet, and Polonius replies, â€Å"That hath made him mad.† (Act 2, Scene 1, lines 120-123) That was the first implication in the story about others thinking Hamlet was crazy. The next occasion Hamlet provided for others to believe he was crazy came out in the 3rd act of the play. As Hamlet was walking through the castle he came across Ophelia reading and pacing in the foyer of the castle. This was typical behavior for Hamlet, but when he saw Ophelia doing this, he thought he was being set up and that Po...

Infanticide in Nonhuman Primates essays

Infanticide in Nonhuman Primates essays The goal of this paper is to examine the question, why does infanticide occur in nonhuman primates? It will look at possible explanations such as the sexual selection hypothesis, the social pathology hypothesis, and other alternative reasons behind infanticide. Cases of observed infanticide will be explored and then given possible reasons for why the infant in each particular case was killed. One of the mysteries in the world of primates is infanticide. Some of the questions pertaining to infanticide are how does it occur, under what circumstances does it occur, and why does it occur? This paper examines different explanations of infanticide by nonhuman primates and possible answers to those questions. The sexual selection hypothesis is used as the primary explanation of infanticide but alternative explanations and hypotheses, such as the social pathology hypothesis and the resource competition hypothesis, will also be taken into account. One reason for infanticide can be explained through the social pathology hypothesis. (Boggess, Curtin, and Dolhinow as cited by Bartlett, Sussman, and Cheverud 1993) Research done by Phyllis Jay in 1958 at field sites in Orcha and Kaukori concluded that Hanuman langur (Semnopithecus entellus) life was very peaceful. On the contrary, in the early 1960s a Primatologist named Sugiyama, observed a high number of adult male langurs treating infants violently at a site in Dharwar. At Sugiyamas site social change occurred frequently and disturbed the lives of langurs and other species in the area. Sugiyama noted that when a new male took over a troop, the death of an infant would follow. (Sugiyama as cited by Rees 2001) The death of the infants at Dharwar and other sites in India, according to the social pathology hypothesis, were the result of a growing population of people and a declining territory of land in which the langurs lived in. (Boggess, Curtin, and Dulhinow a...

Case Study#1 Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

#1 - Case Study Example In the state of Florida, it can be found out that most of the wildlife has been safeguarded by one or the other law. Such laws of Florida have been enacted by the governments at the various level including local, regional, state or federal (Schaefer, Tucker & McGurie, â€Å"Laws that Protect Florida’s Wildlife†). The other law regarding that of two weeks counselling prior to marriage, for the interracial couples, has been enacted for the best interest of the couple. As, the involved individuals in such marriages are often from a very different cultural and economic background, so it can be identified that such counselling would help the future husband and wife to know each other better. Though it seems that the both the law statutes have been enacted for the greater good of the society, one to reduce the pollution content and save the ecological balance by protecting the extinct species of blood and the other contributing towards post marriage harmony but one might not like the statutes. The person travelling from outside the state of Minnesota might feel that he has to incur extra cost in lieu of pollution resistant device in his vehicle. The interracial couple can also have reservations as they are adult and the state can not impose them the counselling sessions. In such cases, the affected parties might appeal to the higher court of law i.e. the court of appeal. If the legislation permits, they can also appeal to the apex court i.e. the Supreme Court. As discussed earlier, the law of the land should not impose certain statutes upon the mature adults. If any of the individual decided to choose upon his life partner, who happens to be from a different race, the legalities of the nation should not compel him to have mandatory counselling session for two weeks. As matured individual adults, they have the right to get married to the person they want to. Also, it is very hurting

Financing Education Equitably & Sources of Revenue Essay

Financing Education Equitably & Sources of Revenue - Essay Example But are these funds enough to cater for the rising population? The issue of funds allocation in the education system has over the years been debatable. 1. In the modern century, several trends have come up which detects the mode of allocation and expenditure of the funds. In general the trends are developed to determine the school district wealth. One of the most used methods is the determining of the state’s current operating expenditure per pupil (COEPP). The measurement covers expenditure on curriculum materials and teacher’s salaries. It is also inclusive of administration and student’s transportation charges. Generally, it detects the difference in expenditure costs per children in different regions of the country. This trend however provides a good field to fraud the government. According to Brimley & Rulon (2008) the trend can be easily fraud by increasing the totals in the expenditures which will provide unnecessary inequality. Another trend is the assump tion of activities and projects to be undertaken by a school at the start of every educational year. These assumptions are obtained from the regional school calendar. The calendar contains all the possible events of the year and their financial estimates. Apart from the activities there is also the determination of possible curriculum changes. The teachers’ funds are also included in the estimates. The estimates and assumptions are close to accurate which provides less probability for great deficits. After the allocation of these funds the regional schools are provided with surplus cash which will cover small adjustments in the course of the year. With these allocations, there is prior planning and management of these funds and school projects. However, if in the course of the year there are major adjustments it could be difficult for regions to tackle the issues. Another shortcoming is that schools may be forced to stick to a particular program and curriculum thus preventing elasticity (Brimley & Rulon, 2008). 2 a. Equity: This is the financial benefits of investors after all liabilities have been accounted for. In educational matters if refers to the benefits the students will have from allocation of funds. Generally, it can be referred to the value of an institution or organization’s assets after all debts and liabilities have been cleared. b. Regressive tax: This is a tax whereby the taxation rate reduces while the amount subject to taxation increases. c. Proportional tax: This is tax whereby the tax rate remained fixed. The amount subject to taxation is directly proportional to the amount of the tax. d. Progressive tax: this is a tax imposed whereby the tax rate increases while the amount subject to taxation also increases. e. Tennessee Basic Education Program (BEP): this is a money generating and funding program whereby state education funds are generated and distributed to Tennessee schools. f. ADA: It is the acronym of Average Daily Atten dance. The average student attendance helps in the determining of allocation of funds. ADA is calculated by the number of days of school attendance by a student divided by the number of the days teachers taught in the school (Brimley & Rulon, 2008). For example, if Isaac attended 142 days of the total 142 of teaching days, he has a 1.0 ADA. g. ADM: it the acronym of Average Daily Membership. This is the count of residential and state based