Linguistic relativity theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Linguistic relativity theory - Essay Example The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis: is it still applicable in the face of current linguistic theory What does it mean in present thinking; is it outmoded, or due for a revival Thinking-for-speaking and the Slobin idea. Do babies think before they speak, or does speaking encourage thinking The Hopi universe and the physics universe. Conception, speech and ways of describing things. The Dress of Thought, and seeing things though language.The essential components of the linguistic relativism theory are that different languages provide their users with different views of the world. Pablo Neruda, the great Spanish-language poet, pointed out that his poems did not translate well into other European languages, such as English and French, with a common Latin root. Much is lost in translation, and it seems to be much more than the simple meaning of each word. Other advances in linguistic relativism, such as the Thinking-for-Speaking theory, also imply that language is a necessary component in worldvi ews and social features. If human beings:Then how can each society relate to each other, and is common understanding even possible in a world where different communities view the same entity in different ways By looking at the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis, followed by Slobin and other's theories of Thinking-for-Speaking, before going on to examine one nation's view of the universe which has returned to favor through the scientific community, and then by considering whether there is any way of conceptualizing entities except through language, this essay hopes to answer the question of whether People who speak different languages perceive and think about The world quite differently (Chandler) The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis is understood to describe the relationship between the language of the speaker, and the way in which that speaker understands the world, and reacts to it. While neither Sapir nor Whorf ever claimed that their ideas were a hypothesis, this is how this theory of linguistic relativism is generally known today. This may be a mixed blessing, however, as the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis can be divided into two different theories, one 'hard SW' the other 'Mild SW'. Chandler sees the former hypothesis as that being used by Marshall McLuhan in his diatribes against the media: The technological determinism of his stance can be seen as An application of Extreme Whorfianism (Chandler) A milder reading of the SW hypothesis instead places emphasis upon the potential for society and language to be intermixed. Language is less of a cage in which the social being sits, and more of a two-way street, with language influencing society to the same extent that society influences language. Even this, however, still emphasizes the idea that society plus language equals a fixed worldview. Sapir even analyzed the different ways in which a person's speech is affected by their social surroundings (In Speech as a Personality Trait 1927). Generally, the more moderate version of the SW Hypothesis has become accepted in one form or another by most modern linguists. The most popular translation of the hypothesis is provided by the Thinking for Speaking theory coined by Slobin, which seem to suggest that speakers have to think about their language before they are able to convert that into speech. This also means that the speaker must have learned how to think in

Dance Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Dance - Assignment Example ally correct in its representation; sometimes a dance may lack veracity and end up either misrepresenting or marginalizing cultural assumptions construed within or without its motions. This paper will focus on representation vs. misrepresentation of cultural identities through the two videos analyzed. For them to be effective, they must be searched for authenticity which can be identified through the fact that they portray realistic and historically valid view points and they are successful in delivering their message and creating the impression they were intended to. While conceding that a dance in many cases serves to center the focus on a specific culture or cultural outlook on stage, it can also be conversely used to marginalize. The world of contemporary and even ex post facto performances has been characterized by stereotypes most concerning racial identities and perceptions. In many cases, this has resulted in either marginalizing or misrepresenting cultural outlooks and in th is paper, the extent to which the two dances cited either represent or misrepresent cultural issues or fail to do so will be examined. The west side captures the gang conflict that characterizes America in the 50’s with white Caucasian gangs fighting with their Puerto Rican counterparts supposedly for dominance in the streets. The dance was initially brought to the stage by writers and producers whose intent was to recreate a modern day Romeo and Juliet story. Their key focus was the prejudices that faced ethical, racial and religious groups in the United States during this period. While in the case of Romeo and Juliet, it was the Montagues vs. the Capulets, on the other hand, in the West side story, it was the two leading gangs in New York, Sharks vs. Jets. These were representative of the middle class New York population vs. the influx of Puerto Rican and Mexican families that were taking a hold in what was traditionally â€Å"white turf†(Cohen). Throughout the story, racial and

How would Contemporary Leaders Maintain Quality Standards of Their Organizations?

How would Contemporary Leaders Maintain Quality Standards of Their Organizations? How would contemporary leaders maintain quality standards of their organizations? Qualitative methods play an important part in developing, maintaining and improving survey quality by assessing vital issues that field pre-tests and pilot surveys alone cannot address. They are better able to identify the problems experienced by respondents in answering questions because they place a more systematic and in-depth spotlight on each question and its administration, as well as routing and instructions. Quality is built into every process in the company. It applies on proactive requirements and resource management, feature a complete testing process life cycle, and provide thorough and detailed documentation. Quality Improvement is basically, the actions taken throughout the organization to increase the effectiveness of activities and processes to provide added benefits to both the organization and its customers. There is a significant relationship between productivity and quality. As a result, they expect for business as a profession, as well as about the substance of ethical dilemmas they confront in running their organization properly and ethically. To maintain quality standards of the organizations there are several keys that needs to have: (1) Benchmarking is the use of standard measurements in a service or industry for comparison to other organizations in order to gain perspective on organizational performance. (2) Continuous Improvement, in regard to organizational quality and performance, focuses on improving customer satisfaction through continuous and incremental improvements to processes, including by removing unnecessary activities and variations. (3) Failure Mode and Effects Analysis is an approach that helps identify and prioritize potential equipment and process failures. (4) ISO9000 is an internationally recognized standard of quality, and includes guidelines to accomplish the ISO9000 quality standard. Organizations can be optionally audited to earn ISO9000 certification. (5) Total Quality Improvement (TQM) is a set of management practices throughout the organization, geared to ensure the organization consistently m eets or exceeds customer requirements. TQM places strong focus on process measurement and controls as means of continuous improvement. Finally, (6) Six sigma is a quality management initiative that takes a very data-driven, methodological approach to eliminating defects with the aim to reach six standard deviations from the desired target of quality. While this is a necessary reaction in such challenging times, maintaining quality standards are essential in ensuring sustainability and future growth. Adopting internal quality is an important means to achieving competitive advantage and cost efficiencies as the entire company structure reflects commitment and value for the customers. Every single person in the organization takes part in maintaining quality standards. This allows for continuous improvement as a fundamental practice in what is rapidly becoming a stricter market in every sense of the word. Customer satisfaction is essential for any business. Working to recognised quality management standards can help you to meet customer expectations. Quality management standards provide a framework for a business to manage its processes and activities. They can help a business improve its efficiency by providing a best practice model for it to follow. To meet a quality management system standard you need to set up a system to improve the key processes you use to provide your products and services allowing you to deliver consistently on your promises. Most of the contemporary leaders understand that three factors ensure the global market competitiveness of an organization, for example: a quality product, quality customer service, and quality delivery. Leaders must champion the processes of quality throughout the organization, benchmarking successful organizations, incorporating innovations in quality, and setting standards and measurements in every department. Leaders have several tools to ensure quality. They dont have to be Master Black Belts in Six Sigma or understand all the intricacies of lean manufacturing or supply chain management to see how each improves quality. They are sold on the merits of having a quality. They know that cutting waste translates to saving time and money for the organization. It is the leaders responsibility to drive, steer, and fund the quality initiative throughout the organization. For only when top leaders fully endorse a quality initiative does it have a chance of becoming fully implemented and t he harvest days of savings can occur. Contemporary leaders collaborate and provide their organizations succession plans that ensure the growth of the organization over time. They feel that they lead at the request of the company, customers, board of directors, and stockholders. If each of these entities trust in the leader remains unchallenged, the leader should lead until he or she chooses to step down. However, whereas even the best of leaders turn the company over to a new set of watchful eyes eventually, the leader who is irreparably jeopardizing the sacred trust of employees, customers, and the public at large should step aside and let a better leader take the helm. The history of quality management, from mere inspection to Total Quality Management, and its modern branded interpretations such as Six Sigma, has led to the development of essential processes, ideas, theories and tools that are central to organisational development, change management, and the performance improvements that are generally desired for individuals, teams and organisations. The roots of Total Quality Management can be traced to early 1920s production quality control ideas, and notably the concepts developed in Japan beginning in the late 1940s and 1950s, pioneered there by Americans Feigenbum, Juran and Deming More about Quality Management and TQM history. Quality Management resulted mainly from the work of the quality gurus and their theories: the American gurus featured in the 1950s Japan: Joseph Juran, W Edwards Deming, and Armand Feigenbum; the Japanese quality gurus who developed and extended the early American quality ideas and models: Kaoru Ishikawa, Genichi Taguchi, and Shigeo Shingo; and the 1970-80s American Western gurus, notably Philip Crosby and Tom Peters, who further extended the Quality Management concepts after the Japanese successes More about the Quality Management gurus and their theories, including the development and/or use of the Plan, Do, Check, Act (PDCA) cycle, Pareto analysis, cause and effect diagrams, stratification, check-sheets, histograms, scatter-charts, process control charts, system design, parameter design, tolerance design (Taguchi methodology), Quality Improvement Teams (QIT), Just In Time (JIT), Management By Walking About (MBWA), McKinsey 7-S Framework, etc. Quality improvement is basically, the actions taken throughout the organization to increase the effectiveness of activities and processes to provide added benefits to both the organization and its customers. In simple terms, quality improvement is anything which causes a beneficial change in quality performance. All beneficial change results in improvement whether gradual or radical so we really need a word which means gradual change or incremental change. The transition between where quality improvement stops and quality control begins is where the level has been set and the mechanisms are in place to keep quality on or above the set level. Thus it is very essential to raise the standard of quality. Improving quality by raising standards can be accomplished by various steps which includes organize the resources to implement the plan, carry out research, analysis and design to define a possible solution. Hence this improvement process will require controls to keep improvement project s on course towards their objectives. The controls applied should be designed in the manner described previously. There is a significant relationship between productivity and quality. The former is a measure of the firm output as compared to the input while the latter spells out the compatibility of the firm product with the consumer demands. Total Quality Management (TQM) is a zero-error approach towards improving the quality of processes and systems in an organization. TQM calls for the principle of continuous improvement with regard to all the areas of the organization. This approach calls for continuously examining quality of organizational systems rather than making it a one-time activity. TQM is an approach towards managing the productivity-quality equation in an efficient manner. In a dynamically changing business environment, organizations need to re-structure and align itself to the change. This adaptation to the change is imperative for the organization to sustain itself in the ever-changing market. Reengineering is an approach, which involves radical re-structuring in the systems, processes or philosophy of the organization in the face of an environmental change. This approach calls for continuously examining quality of organizational systems rather than making it a one-time activity. The paper touches upon the basic principles of reengineering and TQM. The quality aspect encompasses every area of a business organization. Institutionalization of best practices and a commitment to continuous improvement with regard to all areas of the organization is pre-requisite for enhancing organizational quality. Total Quality Management is an approach towards maintaining quality of processes and systems in the organization. The paper examines the quality scenario in organizations and explores the role of IT in the same. Many of the companys employees have considerable experience in their own specialist fields and, because of this, Keighley Laboratories is sometimes required to carry out failure investigations and possibly act as a expert witness if a court case results. For quite some time, picking up The Wall Street Journal meant reading stories rife with indictments of CFOs, CEOs, and accountants. Though many leaders practice good principles, clearly it is time to inspect closely what it means to lead with ethics. The world is full of strong leaders; however, leadership is a neutral term. It can be good or bad. Stalin, Hitler, Mussolini, and Mao Tse Tung were regarded as good political leaders at some point in time by a certain element of the population. History has proven, however, that each was guilty of an immoral use of the tremendous power his leadership afforded him. What will history tell us about our current leaders of industry? Are they leading their companies in an ethical way? Perhaps the best barometer of achievement in this regard is the sustainable success of an organization over the long haul. For when you whittle commerce down to the point of its raison dà ªtre, you find its ethical basis. Is it not the mission and ethical imperative of every publicly held establishment to absorb the cost of doing business, produce a quality product for its customers, provide sustenance for its members, and turn a profit that can be reinvested to make the company stronger for lean times? One company has been doing this well for more than 120 years. General Electrics recent declining stock values may trouble investors, but it still was recognized as one of Fortunes 2002 Global Most Admired Companies and received the highest marks for its quality of management. Compare it to the relatively young MCI WorldCom, a company struggling in a quagmire of ethical issues, and the sustaining success of GE is clearly manifested. To get started, we will discuss the following five components of ethical leadership: communication, quality, collaboration, succession planning, and tenure. Ethical leaders set the standard of truth for every employee they lead. The moment people take leadership positions, they have an opportunity to place the highest premium on truthfulness. Recent cases of fiscal malfeasance at Enron, WorldCom, and Arthur Andersen illustrate the need for every form of communication leaders put forth to be an accurate representation. Yet, leading by example cannot be the only process by which this standard is relayed. It must become a company slogan, from the accounting office to the shop floor, that Truth is Job 1. Truthful information is quality information to the CEO, board of directors, and investors. Jim Collins, a noted researcher on leadership, advises leaders to conduct autopsies, without blame, and cites companies such as Philip Morris whose executives talked openly about the 7-UP disaster. Even when statistical evidence does not reflect well on a division or the financial status of the entire company, a plan of action to thwart disaster may be implemented and several lessons learned through open communication to ensure the sustainability of the organization. Ethical Quality An ethical leader understands that three factors ensure the global market competitiveness of an organization: a quality product, quality customer service, and quality delivery. Leaders must champion the processes of quality throughout the organization, benchmarking successful organizations, incorporating innovations in quality, and setting standards and measurements in every department. Leaders have several tools to ensure quality. They dont have to be Master Black Belts in Six Sigma or understand all the intricacies of lean manufacturing or supply chain management to see how each improves quality. They are sold on the merits of having a quality. They know that cutting waste translates to saving time and money for the organization. It is the leaders responsibility to drive, steer, and fund the quality initiative throughout the organization. For only when top leaders fully endorse a quality initiative does it have a chance of becoming fully implemented and the harvest days of savings can occur. Bob Galvin, Chairman of Motorola, implemented Six Sigma throughout the company in the early 1980s. Just two years after launching Six Sigma, Motorola was honored with the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award. Even the federal government is investigating the merits of this management tool. Several local government agencies are already using Six Sigma, and the federal government may employ Six Sigma in its war on terrorism. With a failure rate of 3.4 per million products/actions or 99.99966% accuracy, agencies would be better informed and lives could be saved if only one of every 294,000 vital pieces of information †¦ [was] †¦ erroneously discarded. Ethical Collaboration Ethical leaders need many advisors. They pick the most astute within their organizations and hire some from other companies, but they surround themselves with answers. Wise leaders collaborate to incorporate best practices, solve problems, and address the issues facing their organizations. Regrettably, the natural tendency of leaders is to draw in a close, and more often than not, closed circle of advisors. Unfortunately, the smaller the group, the less the prospect of collectively providing the leader advice on the full range of issues facing the organization. But the leader who collaborates ethically makes better decisions for the organization. How is that possible? Leaders who use ethical collaboration keep their circle of advisors more open and fluid. The objective of the ethical leader is to reduce the risks taken by the organization by assigning trustworthy experts/advisors to every situation-from RD decisions to customer-driven needs. Advisors findings determine decisions of t he leader who becomes better equipped to make judgments based on two critical elements: more feasible solutions and viable processes needed to exact the solutions. Many states suffer the woes of underfunded education. Recently, South Carolina imposed a 15% budget cut, with more cuts promised in the future. The President of Clemson University, Jim Barker, pulled in campus-wide experts in their fields to provide solutions. Robert McCormick, an internationally known economist, among others, was assigned the task of creating a fiscal roadmap to ensure Clemson would sustain itself through time. While his advisors provided him with sound solutions, Barker remained focused on the overall mission of the university and its drive to become a top-20 public university. Ethical collaboration serves another important role, however. As Barker maintains an open and fluid circle of advisors while assigning the right people to the variety of issues facing the institution, he serves to broaden his and others awareness of promising internal successors. Ethical Succession Planning If principled leaders possess a need for control, they satisfy that need by establishing strong organizational standards and operational procedures for quality and communication. Yet for the long-term success of the organization, ethical leaders must set aside issues of turf and let other leaders surface within the company, giving potential successors opportunities to exercise and build their leadership skills. Once identified, these few should be personally mentored by the leader, given opportunities for 360 ° communications, and trained for the roles they may one day assume. In his book, Good to Great:Why Some Companies Make the Leap †¦ and Others Dont, Jim Collins identifies Chrysler with many organizations that achieve greatness only to have it slip away through time. While examining the long list of organizations in his study, Collins notes that under Lee Iacocca Chrysler followed a pattern †¦ found in every unsustained comparison: a spectacular rise under a tyrannical disciplinarian, followed by an equally spectacular decline when the disciplinarian stepped away, leaving behind no enduring culture of discipline †¦ Arguably Chrysler faltered without Iacocca at the helm because he had failed to practice ethical collaboration to the point that a succession plan was devised. Ethical Tenure How long should a leader lead? Whereas the most important leader in the American government leads for 4 to 8 years, industry has no governing standard to length of tenure. Should leadership in industry, like its counterpart in government, have a shelf life? The answer lies on the conduct of the leader. Leadership expert Peter Block contends that We search, so often in vain, to find leaders we can have faith in. Further, he notes that leadership is more often rated on the trustworthiness of the individual than on his or her particular talents, and that the mission of the ethical leader is to serve the institution and not themselves. Jim Collins identifies this category of executives as Level 5 Leaders: leaders who are able to channel their ego needs away from themselves and into the larger goal of building a great company. Ethical leaders collaborate and provide their organizations succession plans that ensure the growth of the organization over time. They feel that they lead at the request of the company, customers, board of directors, and stockholders. If each of these entities trust in the leader remains unchallenged, the leader should lead until he or she chooses to step down. However, whereas even the best of leaders turn the company over to a new set of watchful eyes eventually, the leader who is irreparably jeopardizing the sacred trust of employees, customers, and the public at large should step aside and let a better leader take the helm. People are a fundamental component within any successfully developing organisation. Take away the people and the organisation is nothing. Take away the peoples motivation, commitment and ability to work together in well-organised teams, and again, the organisation is nothing. Conclusion Managing the ethical climate of an organization is not easy given the myriad influences, both internal and external, on the firm. Corporate ethics programs will not completely eliminate unethical conduct, nor will they resolve all of the perplexing conflicts of ethical values that arise in various social and economic arenas today. Nevertheless a Managers efforts to strengthen the ethical climate in their organizations will have real benefits for employees, for the performance of the firms, and for society at large. By legitimizing the discussion of ethical considerations in business, by standing up for ethical values despite short-term costs, by giving serious consideration to problems of conflicting values, managers and executives can contribute to strengthening their organizations and to building public trust in business. Much has been written about leadership. Regrettably, less time and thought has been afforded the concept of ethical leadership. Perhaps it is the very lack of discussion about what it means to lead with ethics that has created the current business environment of SEC investigations into improprieties, dot-com greed, and the general publics lack of faith in the stock market. Though we would have preferred that the government did not have to force the issue of business propriety through threats and legislation, apparently for some leaders fear and not moral certitude is their personal motivator. As a result, they expect for business as a profession, as well as about the substance of ethical dilemmas they confront in running their organization properly and ethically. Leaders establish unity of purpose and direction of the organization. They should create and maintain the internal environment in which people can become fully involved in achieving the organizations objectives. Considering the needs of all interested parties including customers, owners, employees, suppliers, financiers, local communities and society as a whole. Establishing a clear vision of the organizations future. Setting challenging goals and targets. Creating and sustaining shared values, fairness and ethical role models at all levels of the organization. Establishing trust and eliminating fear. Providing people with the required resources, training and freedom to act with responsibility and accountability. Inspiring, encouraging and recognizing peoples contributions. Identifying, understanding and managing interrelated processes as a system contributes to the organizations effectiveness and efficiency in achieving its objectives. Structuring a system to achieve the organizations objectives in the most effective and efficient way. Understanding the interdependencies between the processes of the system. Structured approaches that harmonize and integrate processes. Providing a better understanding of the roles and responsibilities necessary for achieving common objectives and thereby reducing cross-functional barriers. Understanding organizational capabilities and establishing resource constraints prior to action. Targeting and defining how specific activities within a system should operate. Continually improving the system through measurement and evaluation.

Frankenstein, Community, and the Individual Essay -- Literary Analysis

Many innovations throughout the modern world have made life significantly easier, safer, of higher quality, and are said to be done for the "greater good of humanity". However, these accomplishments come at a cost, as expressed through the concepts of creation and responsibility that lie at the core of Mary Shelley's Frankenstein. It is through these concepts that Shelley explores how society has changed during Romanticism and the Industrial Revolution, with lessening importance on shared knowledge and the "public sphere" and more emphasis on individual achievement and identity, leading to a fractured and isolated society. In this paper I argue that Mary Shelley's Frankenstein criticizes the impacts of Industrial Revolution and Romantic era-inspired individualism on the community and individual, using Victor Frankenstein's disruption of the reproductive process and subsequent relationship with his creation as examples of potential negative consequences. To begin our analysis, I will look to how Mary Shelley positions Victor Frankenstein's motivations to create life against natural laws within the ideas of individualism, as Victor can correlate directly to the educated human at the center of Enlightenment, Industrialism, and Romanticism values. With the burgeoning interest in scientific discovery during the Industrial Revolution "transform[ing] British culture" and "changing the world"(Lipking 2065), many concepts of society were also changed, which Shelley looked to explore through Victor's actions. Rooted in the scientifically curious spirit of Industrial England, Victor's attempt to create life can show many examples of how an importance of the individual acquisition of knowledge and accomplishment can disrupt society. Victor's... ...athetic Community In Frankenstein And 'The Structure Of Torture'." Science Fiction Studies 36.2 [108] (2009): 205-216. MLA International Bibliography. Web. 9 May 2012 Hogsette, David S. "Metaphysical Intersections In Frankenstein: Mary Shelley's Theistic Investigation Of Scientific Materialism And Transgressive Autonomy." Christianity And Literature 60.4 (2011): 531-560. MLA International Bibliography. Web. 9 May 2012. Lipking, Lawrence I, Stephen Greenblatt, and M H. Abrams. The Norton Anthology of English Literature: Volume 1c. New York: W.W. Norton & Co, 2006. Print. Melton, James V. H. The Rise of the Public in Enlightenment Europe. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2001. Print. Stillinger, Jack, Deidre Lynch, Stephen Greenblatt, and M H. Abrams. The Norton Anthology of English Literature: Volume D. New York, N.Y: W.W. Norton & Co, 2006. Print. .

Ice Wine Research Paper Essay

Wine is known to be an extremely versatile and malleable food source. It has the ability to please both the palette as well as the intellect. There are countless varietals of wine, including the ever exotic Eiswein, or as it is more commonly known as Ice Wine. The production of Ice Wine requires very specific parameters. So much so that it cannot be produced in most countries. Only some of the coldest climates can yield Ice Wine. Two of which are Canada and Germany. These two produce about 75 percent of the entire world’s Ice Wine. (What is the history of Ice Wine wine). Ice Wine has a long history. The first mentioning of Ice Wine can date back to the Roman times. These reports have stated that there were certain grapes that could not be harvested before the frost has taken hold of them. Many believe the first post-Roman Ice Wine was created in Franconia, Germany in 1794. Although much of these reports are tentative, seeing as a lot of the documentation has been lost to time. The most accurate depiction of the history of Ice Wine would be from Dromersheim to Bingen in Rheinhessen on February 11, 1830. (What is the History of Ice Wine wine?) The grapes were left hanging on vines for use as animal feed. Upon the arrival of the frost it was discovered that these grapes yielded a very sweet must. Must or young wine is freshly pressed essence of fruit that contains skins, seeds, and stems of the fruit. Must is an essential part of the preliminary steps in winemaking. Once this must was pressed some of the first documented Ice Wines were produced. Once the invention of the pneumatic bladder occurred Germany Ice Wines grew in popularity. They were eventually being produced on a semi-mass production level in 1961. Karl Kaiser a co-owner of the winery known as Inniskillin was seeking to create his own Canadian version of the Ice Wine. He along with fellow neighbor Ewald Reif left grapes on their vines in an attempt to produce the highly sought after treat. The result was a tragic loss of the entire harvest of grapes. In 1984 Kaiser decided to use a new tactic for cultivating the frosty grapes. He draped a net over his vines and produced Inniskillin’s first Ice wine. Being made from Vidal grapes this wine was labeled Eiswein. This kick started the production of Eiswein from a commercial standpoint. It increasingly grew in popularity among the locals of Canada. Pretty soon everyone was attempting their hand at production of it. †International breakthrough of Canadian ice wine came in 1991, when Inniskillin’s 1989 Vidal ice wine won the Grand Prix d’Honneur at Vinexpo. The Canadian trend towards increased cultivation of Vitis Vinifera grape varieties in the 1990s expanded the palette of varieties available to be bitten by frost. † (What is the History of Wine Making? ) The official snag of first place was taken by Canada in the early 2000s. The production of Eiswein in Germany had started to rapidly slow down, thus allowing Canada to take the spot for the number one producer of Ice Wine in the Entire world. The production of Ice wine demands a variety of variables. One of which is the climate. In order for it to be properly produced the climate must be perfect for the specifications the grapes require. It cannot be frigid cold, but it cannot be too hot either. It needs to be cold enough to keep a frost, but still warm enough that the grapes are not rotted from the cold. â€Å"Officially, ice-wine grapes can only be harvested when frozen solid. Ontario’s Vintners Quality Alliance says it has to be -8  °C or below, while the world’s official wine body, the International Office of Vine and Wine (OIV), stipulates -7  °C or below. Both are adamant that grapes have to be frozen naturally, out of doors and on the vine. † (â€Å"Extreme winemaking† 54). This causes for some unusual picking conditions. Many times the grapes have to be harvested at night, and pressed in an area that has little heat whatsoever. Most winemakers obsessively watch the weather, waiting for that special moment where the temperature plummets to -9  °C and remains there. Once this has happened they must act quickly to salvage the grapes. Since the grapes are frozen it generally requires much more of them to produce a sufficient amount of Ice wine in comparison to how many it takes for regular wine to be produced. It is imperative that the temperature is low, it is crucial to the sweetness of the wine. As the temperature of the grape decreases the sugar content rises. By regulation, ice-wine grapes must have a minimum sugar content of 35 ° Brix — that’s 35 grams of sugar in every 100 grams of grape juice. A table-wine grape, by contrast, might rate at only 20 ° Brix. At -8 â€Å"C, the grapes will usually be sweet enough. Below -13  °C you can’t get any juice out of them at all (â€Å"Extreme winemaking† 55). Many vineyards process their Ice Wine harvest differently. Some will just haul the pressed grapes outdoors, while others will open the doors to their pressing plant and let the cold air keep the grapes chilled. Timing is another crucial factor; the grapes have to be pressed on the spot. This ensures the juice is thick and sweet. â€Å"It takes much higher pressure — about 6 bar as compared to the normal 1. 5 to 2 — to crush frozen grapes â€Å" (â€Å"Extreme winemaking† 55). Since the grapes yield such a high sugar level it makes it difficult to properly ferment the yeast. So whereas a table wine takes roughly a week to ferment, ice wine takes from two to six months (â€Å"Extreme winemaking, 55). Ice wine can be achieved in two ways. The first is the result of naturally freezing and crushing the grapes. The other is using the method of artificial freezing known as cryoextraction (Diwinetaste). In Canada cryoextraction is forbidden by law to be used. However, in the USA, in order to produce Ice wines this is the method that is most desirable. Due to the restrictions of the climate, Ice wine is notable for its intense variation of flavors compared to normally processed wine. It tends to be extremely sweet and presents an apricot to peach fruitiness when it comes to the aroma. Many would classify Ice Wine as liquefied gold, the tedious circumstances that are required to make Ice wine attribute to the overall price of the product. Half a bottle is generally $40. Ice wine has quite an extensive history. Canada started out being the second best producer of this highly sought after commodity. Shortly they surpassed Germany, and to this day still produce the extremely versatile, but challenging wine. Its requirement for specific temperatures keeps it a pleasant, but rare treat. What with its pleasant mouth feel, to the richness of its fruity undergo, it is highly speculated that this wine will most likely never be surpassed in its complexity and originality.

Reaction Paper on Hidden Heads of Household

Alma Guardado Professor Turkon October 11, 2018 Reaction Paper on Hidden Heads of Household 1.Within Brazil, poor children are found in situations that they can't escape due to extreme poverty and globalization and even culture. Children are sometimes considered head of households, due to their parent's inability to contribute sufficient income, hence, they would be forced to assist. Like for instance, when a mother cannot work due to pregnancy or staying home to take care of the infants, children would be likely to work to replace their mother, â€Å"I realized that it was the littlest one who was getting the most money. So, I let them go alone, until today.† (Kenny, 1997, p.97) Due, to the low amount of employment available, families must move around frequently to available jobs, which most likely led them to overcrowded, violent favela nearby. Culture and politicians contribute into the factor that poor children within these situations, since children have the mindset that they are unskilled and must work in dirty conditions and politics would lie that they would help on â€Å"gas, light and water bills. However, they do not. They just wanted a vote. Children are forced upon their situation based on their family situation and poverty. 2.In Brazil, globalization and economy are global influences that foster child labor. Child labor was influence due to the increase of wealth, since it brought upon an increase of poverty and inequality. A global shift in production resulted into the growth of favelas, where more children were born into. In those horrible conditions they were forced to find a job at a young age to receive for in their plates every night. Also, due to the â€Å"increase of capital investment in factories† in Brazil â€Å"where the labor is cheap, labor laws are not enforced† brought upon more increase of children working there. Also, factory owners preferred children since they can pay them fewer wages. The increase of economy brought upon the desire of more workers to be able produce more goods. 3.As the author emphasizes how she will give details, and the problematic study will result into good results, I honest expected more. I felt it could be consider an exploitation method, but not a study that led to good result. Yes, it did help numerous programs to be formed, yet exploitation does the same. It did not impact the whole situation in a large extent, it pushed positively, but it did not force individuals to stop and wonder what they could do to change the problem. It does a good job, emphasizing the suffering young children are faced and provokes us readers to feel sympathy and heartache knowing what is happening to them. However, does not give valid results, since the programs are not enforced they are created, yet not pushed forward into action. The author herself can use the situation for her benefit for her research. There was no real solution for her study. 4.Global tourism is one of the issues that affect the lives of many children negatively and positively based on the description given in the book. Some children will arrive at 8 am at the tourist location, to beg for tourist for money, however, sometimes they frequently were only offered food, but the kids wanted money due to the easier way to split money among each other and be able to buy what they want with it and hang on to some. Another, positive aspect of tourism was that they brought employment to male children like guides, vendors and based on the satisfaction they might be able to gain extra money or food additionally from their fee for tours. But, for girls sometimes global tourism would be a negative aspect for them, since most of the time they could not have the same jobs as boys due to their physical appearance, hence, they would work in the sex industry. Sexual relationship with foreigners was in the hopes for young women, since it was a strategy for them to deal with poverty, and a desire for travel and material goods. Girls with low-esteem preferred foreigners to Brazilian men, since they thought they treated them better and believed in the hopes of opportunities would come around. In their perspective they believed they were happy since even if they lacked the formal education and financial safety net, they provided money to their family and felt some statues with their peers. The tourist industry brought exploitation of the poor children, however, at the same time brought hopes. 5.The author refers to â€Å"agent† they mean a representative of the whole community or household on their behalf. Specifically, the â€Å"agents† the author refers to is the children, since they are truly the spokesperson telling their own reality of the harsh situations they are facing. In fact, the children should be agents in crafting policies that affect their situation, since it directly affects them. They are the ones who are facing poverty, low wages and harsh conditions and sometimes even the responsibility to have to put money on the table for their family. A fourteen-year-old child should not have the responsibility to work and not be able to receive an education, so why shouldn't they be able to craft the policies that are affecting their own lives. It's not the politicians nor the high-income class or even the adults who are being directly affect, it's the children. They are the ones who are working and facing conditions that most individuals do not face at their age and no one really knows what goes on in their lives, since yes we can research about it, but it does not mean we face it every day like they do, so they should be ones who craft the certain policies rather than those viewing them â€Å"as sweet little victims.† 6. Globalization isn't a tool to eliminate child labor in Brazil or elsewhere. It may be able to increase the employment and even the earnings to poor households in developing countries. But, the more desire for export products led to an increase of demand for labor, however, not towards adults. Within factories, they would prefer children since they could pay them less for their labor. Also, their shortness was desirable, since â€Å"they could fit in small holes and under machines.† (Kenny, 1997, p.7) Adults would be unemployed, or those in Brazil will work along with their children in the mills or textile factories. Altogether, globalization brought a negative effect, since when Brazil created a minor code to restrict children into working only six hours, parents did not like the idea which didn't led to the enforcement, nor was there an elimination of child labor. Also, the global shift increased the growth of urban favelas, which led poverty becoming deeper in Brazil and those who most likely work in factories would live in poverty, due to their low income. Globalization brings a desire for interaction of economy and prosperity, with no consideration of how children are treated. There is a more focus on the products than those creating the products.Kenny, M. L. (1997). Hidden heads of households: Child labor in Northeast Brazil.

Free Essays on Hamlet, Sanity Vs. Insanity

In the play Hamlet, sanity is a major theme that is used to reveal the truth about who people really are. As defined by the dictionary, sanity is â€Å"the quality or statement of being mentally sound and healthy.† Hamlet is a prince in Denmark. He is raised to be noble and groomed to be the future king. Hamlet’s father, King Hamlet, enlists the help of his advisor Polonius to assist him in ruling. Polonius’ daughter Ophelia is of noble status because of her father’s position. Hamlet and Ophelia are the primary characters in the story for which sanity is an issue. In the story, Hamlet is sane, but his behavior leads others to believe that he is insane, or crazy. Ophelia on the other hand, could definitely be considered insane, as her behavior dramatically changes throughout the story. The desperation of her behavior due to her love of Hamlet causes her to go crazy when she is not able to handle Hamlet’s actions that lead her on to believe he is also interested in her. In the second act of the story, Ophelia walks into her room to find Hamlet sitting by the window with his clothes undone. Ophelia seems baffled at this action because it was so out of the ordinary. At this point, Ophelia had not revealed that she had feelings for Hamlet. When she saw him, she stared at him and he left the room. When Ophelia tells her father, Polonius, about what has happened, he is upset. Ophelia tells Polonius how she rejected Hamlet, and Polonius replies, â€Å"That hath made him mad.† (Act 2, Scene 1, lines 120-123) That was the first implication in the story about others thinking Hamlet was crazy. The next occasion Hamlet provided for others to believe he was crazy came out in the 3rd act of the play. As Hamlet was walking through the castle he came across Ophelia reading and pacing in the foyer of the castle. This was typical behavior for Hamlet, but when he saw Ophelia doing this, he thought he was being set up and that Po... Free Essays on Hamlet, Sanity Vs. Insanity Free Essays on Hamlet, Sanity Vs. Insanity In the play Hamlet, sanity is a major theme that is used to reveal the truth about who people really are. As defined by the dictionary, sanity is â€Å"the quality or statement of being mentally sound and healthy.† Hamlet is a prince in Denmark. He is raised to be noble and groomed to be the future king. Hamlet’s father, King Hamlet, enlists the help of his advisor Polonius to assist him in ruling. Polonius’ daughter Ophelia is of noble status because of her father’s position. Hamlet and Ophelia are the primary characters in the story for which sanity is an issue. In the story, Hamlet is sane, but his behavior leads others to believe that he is insane, or crazy. Ophelia on the other hand, could definitely be considered insane, as her behavior dramatically changes throughout the story. The desperation of her behavior due to her love of Hamlet causes her to go crazy when she is not able to handle Hamlet’s actions that lead her on to believe he is also interested in her. In the second act of the story, Ophelia walks into her room to find Hamlet sitting by the window with his clothes undone. Ophelia seems baffled at this action because it was so out of the ordinary. At this point, Ophelia had not revealed that she had feelings for Hamlet. When she saw him, she stared at him and he left the room. When Ophelia tells her father, Polonius, about what has happened, he is upset. Ophelia tells Polonius how she rejected Hamlet, and Polonius replies, â€Å"That hath made him mad.† (Act 2, Scene 1, lines 120-123) That was the first implication in the story about others thinking Hamlet was crazy. The next occasion Hamlet provided for others to believe he was crazy came out in the 3rd act of the play. As Hamlet was walking through the castle he came across Ophelia reading and pacing in the foyer of the castle. This was typical behavior for Hamlet, but when he saw Ophelia doing this, he thought he was being set up and that Po...

Infanticide in Nonhuman Primates essays

Infanticide in Nonhuman Primates essays The goal of this paper is to examine the question, why does infanticide occur in nonhuman primates? It will look at possible explanations such as the sexual selection hypothesis, the social pathology hypothesis, and other alternative reasons behind infanticide. Cases of observed infanticide will be explored and then given possible reasons for why the infant in each particular case was killed. One of the mysteries in the world of primates is infanticide. Some of the questions pertaining to infanticide are how does it occur, under what circumstances does it occur, and why does it occur? This paper examines different explanations of infanticide by nonhuman primates and possible answers to those questions. The sexual selection hypothesis is used as the primary explanation of infanticide but alternative explanations and hypotheses, such as the social pathology hypothesis and the resource competition hypothesis, will also be taken into account. One reason for infanticide can be explained through the social pathology hypothesis. (Boggess, Curtin, and Dolhinow as cited by Bartlett, Sussman, and Cheverud 1993) Research done by Phyllis Jay in 1958 at field sites in Orcha and Kaukori concluded that Hanuman langur (Semnopithecus entellus) life was very peaceful. On the contrary, in the early 1960s a Primatologist named Sugiyama, observed a high number of adult male langurs treating infants violently at a site in Dharwar. At Sugiyamas site social change occurred frequently and disturbed the lives of langurs and other species in the area. Sugiyama noted that when a new male took over a troop, the death of an infant would follow. (Sugiyama as cited by Rees 2001) The death of the infants at Dharwar and other sites in India, according to the social pathology hypothesis, were the result of a growing population of people and a declining territory of land in which the langurs lived in. (Boggess, Curtin, and Dulhinow a...

Case Study#1 Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

#1 - Case Study Example In the state of Florida, it can be found out that most of the wildlife has been safeguarded by one or the other law. Such laws of Florida have been enacted by the governments at the various level including local, regional, state or federal (Schaefer, Tucker & McGurie, â€Å"Laws that Protect Florida’s Wildlife†). The other law regarding that of two weeks counselling prior to marriage, for the interracial couples, has been enacted for the best interest of the couple. As, the involved individuals in such marriages are often from a very different cultural and economic background, so it can be identified that such counselling would help the future husband and wife to know each other better. Though it seems that the both the law statutes have been enacted for the greater good of the society, one to reduce the pollution content and save the ecological balance by protecting the extinct species of blood and the other contributing towards post marriage harmony but one might not like the statutes. The person travelling from outside the state of Minnesota might feel that he has to incur extra cost in lieu of pollution resistant device in his vehicle. The interracial couple can also have reservations as they are adult and the state can not impose them the counselling sessions. In such cases, the affected parties might appeal to the higher court of law i.e. the court of appeal. If the legislation permits, they can also appeal to the apex court i.e. the Supreme Court. As discussed earlier, the law of the land should not impose certain statutes upon the mature adults. If any of the individual decided to choose upon his life partner, who happens to be from a different race, the legalities of the nation should not compel him to have mandatory counselling session for two weeks. As matured individual adults, they have the right to get married to the person they want to. Also, it is very hurting

Financing Education Equitably & Sources of Revenue Essay

Financing Education Equitably & Sources of Revenue - Essay Example But are these funds enough to cater for the rising population? The issue of funds allocation in the education system has over the years been debatable. 1. In the modern century, several trends have come up which detects the mode of allocation and expenditure of the funds. In general the trends are developed to determine the school district wealth. One of the most used methods is the determining of the state’s current operating expenditure per pupil (COEPP). The measurement covers expenditure on curriculum materials and teacher’s salaries. It is also inclusive of administration and student’s transportation charges. Generally, it detects the difference in expenditure costs per children in different regions of the country. This trend however provides a good field to fraud the government. According to Brimley & Rulon (2008) the trend can be easily fraud by increasing the totals in the expenditures which will provide unnecessary inequality. Another trend is the assump tion of activities and projects to be undertaken by a school at the start of every educational year. These assumptions are obtained from the regional school calendar. The calendar contains all the possible events of the year and their financial estimates. Apart from the activities there is also the determination of possible curriculum changes. The teachers’ funds are also included in the estimates. The estimates and assumptions are close to accurate which provides less probability for great deficits. After the allocation of these funds the regional schools are provided with surplus cash which will cover small adjustments in the course of the year. With these allocations, there is prior planning and management of these funds and school projects. However, if in the course of the year there are major adjustments it could be difficult for regions to tackle the issues. Another shortcoming is that schools may be forced to stick to a particular program and curriculum thus preventing elasticity (Brimley & Rulon, 2008). 2 a. Equity: This is the financial benefits of investors after all liabilities have been accounted for. In educational matters if refers to the benefits the students will have from allocation of funds. Generally, it can be referred to the value of an institution or organization’s assets after all debts and liabilities have been cleared. b. Regressive tax: This is a tax whereby the taxation rate reduces while the amount subject to taxation increases. c. Proportional tax: This is tax whereby the tax rate remained fixed. The amount subject to taxation is directly proportional to the amount of the tax. d. Progressive tax: this is a tax imposed whereby the tax rate increases while the amount subject to taxation also increases. e. Tennessee Basic Education Program (BEP): this is a money generating and funding program whereby state education funds are generated and distributed to Tennessee schools. f. ADA: It is the acronym of Average Daily Atten dance. The average student attendance helps in the determining of allocation of funds. ADA is calculated by the number of days of school attendance by a student divided by the number of the days teachers taught in the school (Brimley & Rulon, 2008). For example, if Isaac attended 142 days of the total 142 of teaching days, he has a 1.0 ADA. g. ADM: it the acronym of Average Daily Membership. This is the count of residential and state based

Strategic Management Businesss with Marketing Degree Assignment

Strategic Management Businesss with Marketing Degree - Assignment Example SWOT Analysis The primary strength of Virgin is its strong presence in the market. It could be realized that it’s the number one brand in UK with strong presence in Europe and US. In US is has performed while competition with the giants like Apple TV and Google TV. A growing tendency for consumers to access increasingly personalized on-demand content has spawned various devices and gadgets seeking to provide an integrated experience across a proliferating number of online and mobile platforms, has encouraged Virgin Media to come up with innovative technologies in the market with regard to media and communications. The company is the largest providers in UK in terms of residential broadband internet, TV and telephone services if compared by number of customers. (VMED Annual Report, 2010) Another Strength of VMED is its advanced and excellent Research & Development capability, efficient and effective supply chain, and mass production at a competitive production cost. These compe titive strategies of VMED have helped it to become a market leader in many products. In 2010, VMED launched TiVo set top boxes, thereby developing next generation set top boxes by partnering with TiVo Inc (VMED Annual Report, 2010). This was a shear display of Research initiatives of the company. With the use of technologies like e-commerce, the company had created an efficient supply chain which helps it with seamless flow of information and products among resources. Mass production done by VMED helps it achieve economies of scale thereby increasing operating profits of the company. The primary weakness of the company is that it is investing a lot of amount in restructure activities involving spin-off of certain subsidiaries and disposal of assets. In Jun-10, the company also sold British Sky Broadcasting as well as Kestrel Broadcasting as a part of its restructuring and disposal activities (VMED Annual Report, 2010). In the same year company also recognized impairment charges from such transactions. These activities may be beneficial for the long wrong if executed correctly but they reduce profit making capability of the company. The company should concentrate more on the activities involving expansion and research for innovative technologies. Another Weakness of VMED is its low market share in emerging economies. To be a cash cow for the future every technology company should be in search for opportunities in the emerging markets as they give the advantage of escalated growth compared to developed markets where growth stagnates after a point of time. It should be noted that VMED has a low presence in emerging economies e.g. India whilst many other companies like Apple and Sony are aggressively gaining market share in these countries. To retain market capitalization VMED needs to expand its operations aggressively to emerging countries. Primary opportunity for VMED is expanding into markets with the help of joint ventures, tie-up and agreement with other com panies. This would give VMED the advantage of achieving economies of scale and also act as a risk hedging activity while entering new markets. It could be realized from the fact that in 2009, VMED entered into patent cross license agreement with IBM (VMED Announcements, 2011). The Consumer Electronics Association, an industry trade group, expects US sales of connected TVs to grow from about 3.2

Science research project Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Science project - Research Paper Example The completely randomised design was used to remove biasness among the different income groups surveyed. From the study it was clear that the 75,000 – 100,000 income groups had the highest level of information on peak oil while least information about the same was found in income groups below 75,000. However, income group over 100,000 had little information about the same but not as little as the income group below 75,000. Generally it was concluded from the results that no relationship existed between the willingness to purchase oil and the level of awareness of peak oil, hence the null hypothesis was adopted. This study recommends a new line of research open to others interested in the same to find out the relatedness of oil prices to income at household level and its effect on the same. (Mark, 1999) There has been a considerable increase in the price of fuel all over the globe and the United States is no exception. There is therefore, a likeliness of close observation of oil and gasoline prices by the US consumers; this is because they had paid more than what they had anticipated. This research tried to shed light into the factors which were responsible for the price change, its effect on the economy and the alternatives that the consumers preferred most. This work will also provide an insight into the consumption of gasoline between the years 2006 and 2011. The uses focused majorly on industries, commercial and residential sectors. This will be helpful in describing the pattern of gas consumption in the US. Information was provided by statistical method on the past few decades’ oil production and a comparison was made to the demand over the same period. Survey monkey was used to collect data and analysis was done by Excel program to come up with the comparison between the different parameters of study (amount people are willing to pay, awareness of peak price and best alternatives

Financial report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Financial report - Essay Example The company generates more than $100 billion a year out of its profits (Fallowfleld 10 ). McDonald’s is able to reach out all our clients/customers all the time. The bulk of our company’s communication focuses on the products and sales. The company often varies and communicates frequently with our customers based on the type of calls and messages they write. Instead of using promotions and advertisements, they opted to use newsletters and soft-sell messages send directly to clients. This was McDonald’s business strategy to increase its sales of food and franchise around the globe. This was during the battle for supremacy and competition for survival. Because of this, McDonald’s stock price increased during this period as indicated in the chart below. The success of McDonald was largely because of the supportive and well-guided staff as well as committed in producing better results for the company in the right manner such as executing and operating and implementing innovative technologies and utilizing opportunities available (Grez et al., 9). The table below indicates the strong platform in the financial market that the company has ranking them as the best in the US and the World. McDonald is considered as a member of Franchise major companies in the world. Among them are Starbucks and Pizza Hut as well as KFC. The ideal reasons why they are called Franchise majors are that they control more than 26% of world fast food franchise. The chart below indicates the percentage of the Franchise Majors (Yuece 12). The two biggest competitors are Starbucks and Pizza Hut. As indicated from the table below, McDonald has not been left behind line of the key competitors. The company is always doing well as compared to its industry average in contrast to other essential ratios. The company has a high market capitalization than its industry

Elastic and Inelastic Traffic Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Elastic and Inelastic Traffic - Assignment Example This project is hence aimed at addressing these issues and affirming a corrective architecture to be implemented. 1.1. Objectives Considering the predefined network conditions, the restructuring of the network architecture is aimed at achieving the organization’s strategized objectives of enhanced performance, scalability and agility, increased flexibility to offer support to the various services and devices, high levels of security measures in place, redundancy and higher availability rates, ease of network manageability, lower OPEX and CAPEX, and finally to ensure long term viability of the whole network topology and its interconnected devices. 2. Current functional problems and there proposed solutions As highlighted in the overview, functional problems have been identified and below are discussions of the impact to the organization and consequent corrective measures that need to be taken by the organization to restore its operation to normalcy. 2.1. Throughput The likely c auses of throughput over this network structure under scrutiny may be due to the high number of users (1000 employees) as compared to the type of server installed; the prevailed bottleneck speed; kinds of services being accessed by the staff members; the amount of cache and proxy server usage; efficiency involved in the media access control layer; the type and amount of noise within the transmission lines and errors on the cable plant; and the resultant tweaking of the operating system if any. Initiatives of this project therefore are to come up with solutions aimed at optimizing throughput, availability and inherent limitations that hinder the protocol performances with corrective measures to these limitations. Besides, WAN Accelerators can be used through its direct installation into the architecture accelerate the transmission speeds. 2.2. Packet loss Packet loss affects throughput for the TCP streams at high-speed i.e. those associated with multi-media and data replication. For improvements on this, Forward Error Correction (FEC) will be used in the new network architecture to effectively mitigate the negative impacts of packet loss to the organization (Teruko M., Harumoto F. and Satoshi O., 1999). Additionally, FEC has the effect of introducing overhead which also reduces throughput. Through the use of FEC algorithm that adapts to data loss, the algorithm begins to carry extra packets once it detects packet loss and increases with an increase in the amount of loss (Jean-Chrysotome Bolot., 1993). 3. Architecture The intended network architecture that is designed to replace the current protocol will be the Domain Name Server architecture, which is an internet service that converts domain names in the form of IP address to alphabets for ease of remembrance and classification (Radia P., 1999). The need to shift to this particular type of server was driven by the facts that include DNSs’ improved mechanisms aimed at providing intense network security ag ainst attacks; automatic and periodic check of possible errors that may tamper with the network systems’ mode of operations; it is relatively easy to use; its high flexibility in that a single DNS server is capable of managing multiple internet sub-domains and domains within a network structure; it is consistent in its techniques of naming structure for both internal and external

Business Environment and Organisational Purpose - Scuba diving market Essay

Business Environment and Organisational Purpose - Scuba diving market in UK - Essay Example mployees driven by organizational mission of creativity, quality and sustainability, the manufacturer is now recognized as one of the leading manufacturers in scuba diving equipment. Evidently, some of its products that are now widely used in diving spot include diving masks, snorkels, B.C.Ds and Fins. These products have been purposely designed to meet diverse needs of diving sports. The purpose of the Mares manufacturers in anchored in their strategic marketing strategy, it strives to meet the dynamic market of the diving sport and recreational needs. It envisions the growing nature of global sport coupled with the dynamism in customers taste and preference; the company believe that its purpose in the market is to meet such diverse customers needs. Scuba Pro is another leader in manufacturing of diving equipment in today global market. For over fifty years, the company has continue to be ranked as one of the companies with high quality and affordable diving equipment. In addition, their products, branding in the marketing has been incredible in giving them an edge in the competitive market. Driving by their mission of becoming an innovative hub in diving equipment, the manufacturer has produced regulators, dive computers, wetsuits and much more equipment to meet the dynamic diving market. The employees contribution to the overall success throughout its existence has been incredible. It will go down in diving sports history that Scubapro was the first creative producer of a computer radio transmitter that measures the tank pressure through wireless technology. In addition, the equipment allows for measurement of heart parameters. The manufacturer stabilizing jacket monitors buoyancy. In line with the purpose of this company, creativity and innovation in diving equipment has been an important marketing platform. The company purpose is to introduce innovation and creativity into the diving equipment designs in order to enhance the equipment efficiency in

Elastic and Inelastic Traffic Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Elastic and Inelastic Traffic - Assignment Example This project is hence aimed at addressing these issues and affirming a corrective architecture to be implemented. 1.1. Objectives Considering the predefined network conditions, the restructuring of the network architecture is aimed at achieving the organization’s strategized objectives of enhanced performance, scalability and agility, increased flexibility to offer support to the various services and devices, high levels of security measures in place, redundancy and higher availability rates, ease of network manageability, lower OPEX and CAPEX, and finally to ensure long term viability of the whole network topology and its interconnected devices. 2. Current functional problems and there proposed solutions As highlighted in the overview, functional problems have been identified and below are discussions of the impact to the organization and consequent corrective measures that need to be taken by the organization to restore its operation to normalcy. 2.1. Throughput The likely c auses of throughput over this network structure under scrutiny may be due to the high number of users (1000 employees) as compared to the type of server installed; the prevailed bottleneck speed; kinds of services being accessed by the staff members; the amount of cache and proxy server usage; efficiency involved in the media access control layer; the type and amount of noise within the transmission lines and errors on the cable plant; and the resultant tweaking of the operating system if any. Initiatives of this project therefore are to come up with solutions aimed at optimizing throughput, availability and inherent limitations that hinder the protocol performances with corrective measures to these limitations. Besides, WAN Accelerators can be used through its direct installation into the architecture accelerate the transmission speeds. 2.2. Packet loss Packet loss affects throughput for the TCP streams at high-speed i.e. those associated with multi-media and data replication. For improvements on this, Forward Error Correction (FEC) will be used in the new network architecture to effectively mitigate the negative impacts of packet loss to the organization (Teruko M., Harumoto F. and Satoshi O., 1999). Additionally, FEC has the effect of introducing overhead which also reduces throughput. Through the use of FEC algorithm that adapts to data loss, the algorithm begins to carry extra packets once it detects packet loss and increases with an increase in the amount of loss (Jean-Chrysotome Bolot., 1993). 3. Architecture The intended network architecture that is designed to replace the current protocol will be the Domain Name Server architecture, which is an internet service that converts domain names in the form of IP address to alphabets for ease of remembrance and classification (Radia P., 1999). The need to shift to this particular type of server was driven by the facts that include DNSs’ improved mechanisms aimed at providing intense network security ag ainst attacks; automatic and periodic check of possible errors that may tamper with the network systems’ mode of operations; it is relatively easy to use; its high flexibility in that a single DNS server is capable of managing multiple internet sub-domains and domains within a network structure; it is consistent in its techniques of naming structure for both internal and external

The American Dream Essay Example for Free

The American Dream Essay What is the American Dream? There are a myriad of aspects to it, but one general idea: the ideal life. It is making a lot of money, being respected, and triumphing difficult situations. The American Dream has been pursued by many, but only few make it all the way. One very good example of the American Dream is Andrew Carnegie, the founder of what is known as U.S. Steel. Carnegie was born in Scotland to a poor family. As a teen, he emigrated from Scotland to the United States. He was portrayed as a hard working individual who was very intelligent and disciplined. He took it upon himself to read and learn as much as he could. Carnegies first job was a telegraph messenger boy, and later upgraded to work for the Pennsylvania Railroad Company as a telegraph operator. His persevering work allowed him to quickly advance through the company, and he became the superintendent of the Pittsburgh Division. He continued making investments and made good profits throughout the civil war, and finally left Pennsylvania Railroad and started his own iron companies, eventually Keystone Bridge Works and Union Ironworks. Carnegie saw how bad the wooden railroads were, so he proceeded to slowly replace them with iron ones. Carnegies charm, perception, and hard work led to becoming one of the worlds most famous men of the time, and led to the first corporation in the world with a market capitalization in excess of one billion when he sold his companies to John Morgan who called them United States Steel Corporation. The rise from the poor boy in Scotland to the second richest man in America. He had plenty of initiative and persevered throughout his life to become what he wanted to be. He retired as one of the most respected men in the world, and he will be in the history books forever. He was polite, educated, wealthy, intelligent, respected, and perceptive. Andrew Carnegie lived the American Dream. This still holds true today, as many immigrants come to the United States for better, more successful life. This is what the states were founded upon, and, hopefully, will never die. Life, liberty, and the p ursuit of happiness. Overcoming all obstacles, becoming someone no one else is. Everyone dreams of the American Dream.

Nursing Home Reflection of Behaviours

Nursing Home Reflection of Behaviours Latoya Mckie Abstract There are numerous of behaviors to observer in a nursing home. Many of the behaviors are related to mental impairment, loss of memory or aliments such as dementia, delirium, Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s diseases. A lot of residents have been diagnosed with aliments; these various mental impairment conditions are concurrent conditions which may overlap. In many cases the impairment gets misdiagnosed outside a nursing home care facility because normally people do not know the symptoms or trained to differentiate the diseases or conditions. Therefore, it is essential that the caregivers and all other professionals are knowledgeable and fully aware of the residents’ cognitive levels to effectively assist them with their daily living. Many seniors and family prefer to go to nursing home facilities due to personalized care seniors receive. It is also difficult for some seniors that are not in nursing home or retirement facilities or neighborhood that are not tai lored to their needs. Behaviors exhibited by the residents I witnessed an array of behaviors at the nursing home, intern site. Most of the residents were energetic and full of life, despite their age. In the department that I mostly worked with consisted of people with memory loss. The group mostly was consisted of women, and had only two men. The women were all on different cognitive levels, but they all were well educated and lived successful lives in their younger age. One of the residents use to be a school teacher, how seemed to lose her memory and it seemed to be very difficult for her to recall any activities she did earlier that day. She and I would do puzzles or art activity. On one occasion I asked her to sign the back of a sheet we were working on. An hour after she left went to her room and came back and could not recognize the picture as the one we both completed earlier although I showed her the back and explained to her that I assisted her to complete it that day. What I realized with her and other residents in that group is that although they had memory loss they were still very intelligent and able to complete mathematical computation when tested. It was also remarkable that most of the residents I worked with can recall early memories from their lives although they had a hard time recollecting what they did earlier that day. There was also one lady who loved to listen to old music from the 60’s and classical music all day; she also walked around with a toy doll most of the day. This lady also never spoke much and not social with the other residents, she liked keeping to herself. The men on both sides of the facility did not come out much except for when they went to the dining area to eat, go to church services, exercise class or outings on the town. The residents were primarily engaged in fun activities and socials. They enjoyed having other people to talk to and having family member visiting them. A number of them were particularly concerned with their health and exercise most mornings, as a result the seemed more energized and happier than the residents who stayed in their rooms all day. I exhibited only two residents who seemed lonely. One of the two was always saying nobody cares about her and she is always walking around all day. At times the other residents look at her and regard her as a c razy person. The other lady who seems to be a loner has had her husband passed away recently, she seems to be sad at times, but she keeps herself occupied with engaging in activities and helping other residents who are on a lower cognitive and physical level than her. Another female resident in the dining room that is always shaking; I believe she has Parkinson disease her behavior varies a lot with the day. She can start arguing for any reason, then nice the next minute. Nobody normally sits at her table at the dining area when it is time to eat. One day someone came in late and sat there and she started to curse the other lady out and the whole time she was shaking the table. Her hand shacking is so bad that most of the time she has to ask one of the dietary aides to assist her in pouring out condiments because she often makes a mess because she cannot control her hands from shaking due to her having Parkinson disease. Explanation for the residents’ behaviors Most of the residents in nursing home suffer from memory loss diseases such as dementia, Alzheimer’s disease and delirium. They also experience other ailments such as Parkinson’s disease. A significant proportion of this elderly population will have dementia (Hartwell, 2013). One in five people over the age of 65 has dementia. The number is expected to double every 20 years (Hartwell, 2013; Potocnik, 2013). Dementia. Dementia is incurred mass impairment of a person’s memory, personality and intelligence who is normally attentive (Potocnik, 2013). It is adequately acute to interfere with social and occupational functioning. In the lack of a stroke or quickly growing cerebral tumors among other factors, the onset is normally progressive and the cognitive decay is always gradual (Potocnik, 2013). In the absence of a remedy for the disease, non-pharmacological concoctions and the careful use of pharmacotherapy may not solely aid the person and ease the stress on the caregiver (Potocnik, 2013). Residents with dementia almost always show neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS), such as disturbances in mood with psychotic and vegetative symptoms among other spectacles. Dementia affects a large portion of the senior population. Dementia of the Alzheimer’s type is characterized by memory impairment, the inability to learn anything new or recall information which was previously acquired, and one or more cognitive disturbances such as aphasia, apraxia, agnosia or executive function disturbances (Potocnik, 2013). The resident who could not recall the artwork she and I worked on earlier in the day suffers from dementia of the Alzheimer’s type. Alzheimers and dementia is presents in 90% of seniors who expressed their feelings of being lonely or socially isolated (Wilson et al., 2001). The resident who was always walking around saying nobody cares about her suffers from dementia. The characteristic she exhibits was loneliness and isolation from the other residents. This explains why she might have developed dementia. People with early Alzheimer’s disease can benefit from exercise. The hippocampus of the brain plays a vital role in memory (Birmingham, 2008). Brain scan research shows that seniors who are physically active have less brain shrinkage; while those who are less active have up to four times brain shrinkage (Birmingham, 2008). Therefore, exercise is important to counteract Alzheimers disease in the residents. The senior residents behavior to exercise is accepting. They like to engage in physical activities because they know it improves the way they feel, their physical health as well as their mental health. Parkinsons disease. The female resident who is always shaking the dining table and screaming at other resident for no reason has Parkinsons disease. Parkinsons disease is a gradual and degenerative neurological disease, one of a group of conditions called motor system disorders (Carruthers-Czyzewski Dewar, 1998). The four primary symptoms are shaking or trembling in hands, arms, legs, jaw and face; firmness or rigidity of the limbs and trunk; bradykinesia or slowness of motion; and postural instability or impaired balance and co-ordination. As these symptoms become more prominent, patients have complexity walking, moving or accomplishing other regular activities. They may additionally experience migraines, joint pain, periodic respiratory problems, back ache, allergy symptoms, insomnia, mood swings, fatigue, distortion and chronic ailment such as digestive difficulties and arthritis. Modified diet is helpful to seniors with Parkinson disease. Their diet typical includes chlorella, milk thistle, kyolic garlic, and vitamin C (Carruthers-Czyzewski Dewar, 1998). I suspect that is they reason why the lady in the dining hall never misses meal time and she take her nutrition very seriously. Someone with Parkinson disease can also benefit from detoxification as her behavior is normally characterized as confused, fatigue and having mood swings (Carruthers-Czyzewski Dewar, 1998). Delirium. Delirium is a medical crisis characterized by severe onset and impulsive course that is displayed by incisive changes in a person’s cognitive level and function (Gillis MacDonald, 2006). Symptoms includes allayed attentiveness of surroundings with diminished capability to focus or sustain attentiveness; changes in cognition; collapse of higher order functions; psychomotor changes varying from hyperactivity to hypoactivity; emotional turbulences; sleep/wake duration disturbances; nocturnal spasm; hysterical affect, mood and behavior; perceptual disruptions comprised of delusions and fallacies; paranoia; and multilayered etiology (Gillis MacDonald, 2006). The lady who is always walking around at all hours has exhibits the characters of delirium. Although she is diagnosed as having dementia, people with similar behaviors can have delirium as well. Therefore, delirium is often misdiagnosed. Approximately 70 percent of elderly patients hospitalized have delirium althoug h expert nursing care facilities typically are able to identify the symptoms (Gillis MacDonald, 2006). There are three classifications of delirium which are: hyperactive, hypoactive, and mixed. Hyperactive, also referred to as agitated delirium, is described as being anxious and delusion. Hypoactive delirium (quiet) is regarded as a declined sensorium or amplified sedation. The mixed delirium interchanges between the frantic and the sedated type. Nevertheless, no matter how it is exhibited, delirium may be difficult to distinguish, as it can be multifactorial and easily mixed up with dementia, restfulness, and near-death awareness. In many circumstances, delirium is reversible, thus careful assessment is necessary (Rogers, 2006). Judicious nursing observation of a resident’s capabilities to execute activities of daily living can reveal much about the resident’s mental level. A variety of assessment tools are available. A common tool is the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) (Inouye et al., 1990), which takes about five minutes to conduct, it is steadily reliable and is ap propriate in a number of settings, including acute care (Rogers, 2006). . Aging Typical alters the bodys ability to metabolize medications, tally to the threat for drug reactions. Although any medication may add to delirium in seniors, sedatives, antipsychotics, histamine receptor antagonists and anticholinergics raise the risk for delirium (Hanley, 2004) (Rogers, 2006). Furthermore, seniors have body fat percentage is higher and lower water which effects the fat-soluble drugs by being more concentrated and lasting longer (Rogers, 2006). Environmental adjustments should encourage optimal cognitive functioning, a realism between calmness and activity and consistent nursing care. A numerous of environmental modifications decrease the risk of delirium incidences and facilitate resident independence such as: maintaining the physical surroundings constant and sustain routines, allowing conformity of staffing for accurate assessment of the residents health status and continuous patient care, including family in care and having orientation done often to promote a good perception of well-being. Visits should be declined if hyperactive delirium appears to be onset by the visits, use volunteer sitters if family members are not available. Avoid bedroom changes whenever possible, Use a no-restraint or least-restraint procedure to reduce deterioration of cognitive loss. Remove unnecessary hospital devices, such as urinary catheters and IV pumps. Make sure that the call bell, personal items, glasses and hearing aids in easy reach. Encourage the use of personal items, such as pillows and bed set, to promote familiarity and reduce stress. In addition Have the rooms well-lit, sustain room temperature between 21.1 C and 23.8 C. and diminish noise levels on the nursing unit. Why people go to nursing home Seniors with mental ailment frequently have complicated needs because of the many co-complex needs because of disability, physical illness and social issues (Reynolds et al., 2000). Effective evaluation of long-term and multiple issues may be long-term and multiple problems may be particularly complex without standardized approaches intended at inclusive and methodical assessment of needs. However, certain needs are proposed to be `collective to all humans in general (Maslow, 1954), diverse areas of the population will have more specific kinds of need (Reynolds et al., 2000). Isolation is a difficult problem; the solutions need to be individualized (Owen, 2007). Even seniors who have a widespread social network of friends and family are at jeopardy of being isolated. Anything can easily happen; a senior can slip or fall, loss of their hearing or sight (Owen, 2007). They can also lose a loved one which can completely diminish their self-assurance in and cause conflicts in doing their daily activities. Over a period, social isolation and loneliness can bring on depression and withdrawal. This can also cause an intense drop of self-esteem and confidence (Owen, 2007). Active effort is needed to support seniors to discover the solutions to their social isolation and rejoined with their friends and family socially. Many senior engage in going to day centers, lunch clubs and home visiting services as they provide them with vital way to interact with other people (Owen, 2007). Caregivers and family often resort to nursing home facilities because of the time, cost and stress dealing with an elderly whose memory has deteriorated. Some seniors might feel neglected by their families. Some may exhibit low self-worth as a result of being alienated by their family. Caregivers and family often resort to nursing home facilities because of the time, cost and stress dealing with an elderly whose memory has deteriorated. Some seniors might feel neglected by their families. Some may exhibit low self-worth as a result of being alienated by their family. Some seniors also live in the assisted living section of the nursing home because they want to feel secure as the age that someone is there to help them if they need assistance with anything whether it is health needs or social ones. Living in regular communities tends to make life complex as local services for the seniors might not be available. Most nursing home facility offers numerous benefits such as companionship, availability of services tailored to the seniors, access to around the clock heath care and numerous activities. Benefits of Internship and Supervision Completing the internship course provided a guideline on what I should expect and what should expect to gain from my experience from the intern site. The supervision I received from the intern supervisor and workers were great. They were very detailed in what I needed to get done and how to carry out the task most of the time. Other tasks were self-explanatory. Recommendations for future interns and professionals in the setting I believe education is always good. I think it is especially important when it is to benefit others. Therefore, it is imperative for healthcare professionals and other workers in the nursing home facility to be educated and current on all the new advancement that can benefit the elderly such as therapeutic techniques, and other health related advancements. It is also good to know all safety procedures when in a nursing facility like wearing protective gloves, how to properly disguard hazardous objects, and wearing proper shoes for your safety. The only drawbacks as an intern was not being able to do as much activities as I would have hoped, but that was fine. I assumed senior residents liked to do things they are accustomed better than trying new activities. Although it is not my choice, I would incorporate some new activities for the senior residents who are more active. It seems that all the people who work with the residents are fully aware of their conditions and know how to deal with them. Therefore, I assume they are educated on their mental disorders and cognitive level. Personal Growth Experienced The internship has opened my eyes to all that goes on in a nursing home. Before going in to complete my internship, I thought that the operation of running a nursing home was easy. After having arrived, and starting to get in the routine I found out it was not so easy after all. There are numerous residents to care for with different kinds of needs. It is also challenging to get everyone where the need to be and having a variety of activities to cater to each individuals preferences. That is also the case with almost everything with these residents from their dietary needs to their religious services. Everything has to be done in a multiple or diverse way to ensure everyone is catered to, and their needs are meet. I thought overall I had an enriched experience at the nursing home site. What I have gained from this internship is to be patient, how to multitask and use my time wisely. I also have learned to take initiative and to be a team player, helping out in whatever way I can in order to make things run smoother at the worksite. With the exposure I received I think I am now capable and comfortable working at a health care facility or similar setting. References Birmingham, K. (2008 ). Exercise slows Alzheimers progression. Nursing Older People,  20(7), 4. Retrieved from http://go.galegroup.com Carruthers-Czyzewski, P., Dewar, J. (1998). Seniors health: Parkinsons  disease.CPJ.Canadian Pharmaceutical Journal,131(3), 34.  Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com Gillis, A. J., MacDonald, B. (2006). Unmasking delirium. The Canadian Nurse,  102(9), 19-24. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com Hartwell, H. (2013). Dementia.Perspectives in Public Health,133(3), 134.  doi:10.1177/1757913913485334 Owen, T. (2007). Working with socially isolated older people.British Journal Of  Community Nursing,12(3), 115-116. doi:10.12968/bjcn.2007.12.3.23038 Potocnik, F. C. V. (2013). Dementia. South African Journal of Psychiatry, 19(3), 141.  Retrieved from http://go.galegroup.com. Reynolds, T.,Thornicroft, G., Abas, M.,Woods, B., Hoe, W., Leese,M., Orrell, M. (2000).  Camberwell Assessment of Need for the Elderly (CANE): Development, validity and reliability BJPsych 176, 444-452. doi:10.1192/bjp.176.5.444 Rogers, S. K. (2006). Delirium in the Home Care Setting. Home Healthcare Nurse: The Journal  for the Home Care and Hospice Professional, 24(6), 366–367.  doi:10.1097/00004045-200606000-00006 Wilson, R. S., Krueger, K. R., Arnold, S. E., Schneider, J. A., Kelly, J. F., Barnes, L. L.,   Bennett, D. A. (2007). Loneliness and Risk of Alzheimer Disease. Archives of General Psychiatry, 64(2), 234. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.64.2.234

Night :: essays research papers

Elie Wiesel's Night is a true account of what the holocaust did, not only to the Jews, but to humanity as well. People all over the world were devastated by this horrendous act, and there are still people today who have not overcome its effects. An example of the horrible acts of the Nazis that stands out occurs at the end of World War II, when Elie and the rest of the inmates at the Buna camp were being force to transfer to the Gleiwitz camp. The transfer was a long, tiring journey through bitter cold and heavy falling snow. The people were often forced to run during parts of the journey, and if a person was tired or injured he or she are executed. One image of this journey that will forever be in Elie's mind is when Rabbi Eliahou's son left the rabbi for dead so he could survive.The rabbi and his son were running together, but Rabbi Eliahou became tired and had to slow down. As the rabbi slowed down his pace his son continued to run, and pretended not to see that his father was slowing down. This incident forced Elie to think about what he would do in the same situation. Elie decided that no matter how weak his father became he would always be there for him, even if he would die for it.Throughout the novel Elie Wiesel shows the reader how the Nazis broke the spirits of the Jews. This caused Elie to lose his faith in God, as his time in the Nazi camps grew longer. The reader can see this in Elie's father 's confrontation with the gypsy. His father asked a gypsy where the lavatories were, but the gypsy did not even respond to Elie's father. Then the gypsy struck his father in the head, and knocked him down onto the floor. Elie watched the situation and realized that he was going to physically and mentally punished during his time at the camp, and his faith in God could not stop it from happening. Elie did nothing to the gypsy that struck his father although the thought did cross his mind. He decided that if he were to fight back at the gypsy the result would be physical harm to him.The incident that probably had the greatest effect on Elie and the other inmates was the hanging of the pipel.

Chaucers Wife of Bath Essay -- Chaucer Wife Bath Essays

Chaucer's Wife of Bath Before beginning any discussion on Chaucer’s Wife of Bath, one must first recognize that, as critic Elaine Treharne writes, â€Å"Critical response to the Wife of Bath has been as diverse as it has been emotive† (2). Some critics love the Wife of Bath and her controversial prologue, proclaiming that she is a woman of strength and powerful words; others hate her and cover the eyes of younger girls, determined that Wife of Bath is instead a role model of what women should not be; and the rest remain a bit confused, simply excusing themselves and the Wife herself. The question of whether or not the Wife of Bath ought to be admired or scorned continues to provoke a number of hands to raise in the air, ready to present yet another explanation or answer. Mothers continue to cover eyes and uncover eyes, not sure if the Wife of Bath is someone their younger generation should look up to. Although I understand the mothers’ hesitancy, I think they should reconsider befo re masking young eyes. Critic Elaine Hansen agrees that mothers should pull away their hands. She explains that the Wife of Bath is quite commendable, mainly because she, unlike many of the other women of her time, voices her opinions and thoughts. Hansen writes, â€Å"It is hardly necessary to rehearse the reasons why the Wife of Bath might well be read as a woman who defies the stereotype of the passive, submissive, and fundamentally silent female† (2). Furthermore, Hansen goes to on to declare that the Wife of Bath presents us with â€Å"one of our earliest literary images of the female as a verbal artist,† and that she is able to use words as â€Å"strategic weapons in the war between the sexes† (2). Not only does the Wife of Bath defy stereotypes... ... Online. Literature Resource Center. 2005. Thomson Corporation. 26 August 2005 . 1-12. Straus, Barrie Ruth. â€Å"Subversive Discourse of the Wife of Bath.† Chaucer: Contemporary Essays. London: Macmillan, 1997. 142. repr. Online. Literature Resource Center. 2005. Thomson Corporation. 26 August 2005 . 1-4. Treharne, Elaine. â€Å"The Stereotype Confirmed? Chaucer’s Wife of Bath.† Writing Gender and Genre in Medieval Literature: Approaches to Old and Middle English Texts. Cambridge: D.S. Brewer, 2002. 93-115. repr. Online. Literature Resource Center. 2005. Thomson Corporation. 26 August 2005 . 1-23. Williams, David. â€Å"Language Redeemed: â€Å"The Wife of Bath’s Tale.† The Canterbury Tales: A Literary Pilgrimage. Twayne Publishers, 1987. 53-100. repr. Online. Literature Resource Center. 2005. Thomson Corporation. 26 August 2005 . 1-5.