Childhood Obesity A Case Study Essay examples - 1099 Words

Introduction In the past three decades, rates of childhood obesity have increased precipitously. Between the years and 1980 and 2000, the prevalence of obesity has increased from 6.5% to 19.6% among 6 to 11 year old children and 5.0% to 18.1% among 12 to 19 year old adolescents x(National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, 2010). This condition is accompanied by many physical and psychological consequences for these children. There are two common postions in the debate about the causes of this condition. One belief of the cause of childhood obesity is that it is a question of â€Å"personal responsibility† or in the case of children, of â€Å"parental responsibility.† That is, increasing rates of obesity are due to†¦show more content†¦In these circumstances, when parents attempt to limit children’s ingestion of these foods, they may be inadvertently be reinforcing the children’s desire to consume these unhealthy nutriments (Birch Fis her, 1998). Other investigators have concluded that when parents leave food selection to the preference of the child, the children often choose a sizable quantity of food of meager nutritional value (Klesges, Stein, Eck, Isbell, Klesges, 1991). Case Study Kayla Matos-Galos, a 4-year-old girl from Land O’Lakes, Florida, is significantly obese, weighing nearly 105 pounds. The author has been asked to create a plan for the mother of Kayla, Ms. Luz Matos, to help her daughter improve her eating habits and overall health. Ms. Matos was advised that the goal of treatment should be weight maintenance as opposed to weight loss. This plan permits the child to increase in height but not in weight, resulting in a decrease in BMI-for-age into a healthier range. Ms. Matos was additionally informed that this will not be an easy task and that a considerable amount of effort should be made in maintaining Kayla’s weight. Kayla needs to increase her physical activity in addition to eating a healthy diet (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research [MFMER], 2010b). The success of this plan is contingent upon the commitment of Ms. Matos to helping Kayla adjust to these changes. The most efficacious method to treatShow MoreRelatedWhat Information Would A Community Gather About The Existence Of Childhood Overweight And Obesity In This Community Case Study1823 Words   |  8 Pages1. What information would a health expert new to the community gather about the existence of childhood overweight and obesity in this community? The information that the health expert new to the community needs to gather about the existence of childhood overweight and obesity in this community is the statistical data that reflect the local childhood overweight issue, explore the local community culture and diversity. A systematic method should be used for data collection and recording. The expertRead MoreA Large Number Of Children Around The World Especially1176 Words   |  5 Pagestaken. Establishing the causes of obesity in children is a priority as it can help to develop effective preventive measures. The nature/nurture dichotomy is a central aspect in childhood obesity. Essentially, there are divided opinions on whether the propensity to conserve calories and fat in the body, which leads to obesity, is caused by biological factors (nature) or psychosocial as well as behavioral factors (nurture). This essay will argue that childhood obesity results from the interaction ofRead MoreApplying the Background and Methodology o f the Research Process796 Words   |  4 PagesThe study was properly conducted with well-designed research problem, study purpose, and hypothesis, and a relevant literature review. These elements of a research article enable the researchers to clearly state the need and importance of their study. The elements also help to define the uniqueness of the study. The article addresses the problem of childhood obesity, which is a significant issue in health care. The prevalence of obesity during childhood is on the increase across various parts ofRead MoreChildhood Obesity Essay1060 Words   |  5 Pages, Durussel-Weston, J., ... Eagle, K. A. (January 01, 2012). Understanding childhood obesity in America: linkages between household income, community resources, and childrens behaviors. American Heart Journal, 163, 5, 836-43. Hendriks, A., Habraken, J. M., Kremers, S. J., Jansen, M. J., Oers, H. v., Schuit, A. J. (2016). Obstacles and Enablers on the Way towards Integrated Physical Activity Policies for Childhood Obesity Prevention: An Exploration of Local Policy Officials’ Views. Biomed ResearchRead MoreChildhood Obesity Is Becoming A Major Public Health Crisis Essay1375 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Childhood obesity is becoming a major public health crisis in both children and adults. The American Heritage dictionary simply defines obesity as a condition of increased body weight that is due to excessive build up of fat in the body. The CDC (Center for Disease Control), use the BMI (Basal Metabolic Index) and CDC growth charts to determine obesity and overweight in adolescents and children. The BMI-for-age percentile is determined by plotting the BMI value. Using this chart, obesity is definedRead MoreNature Vs. Nurture : Childhood Obesity1510 Words   |  7 PagesIan Duffy Nature v. Nurture in Childhood Adiposity The nature versus nurture debate is one of the most longstanding arguments in the history of psychology and it aims to determine what has greater influence on personal development; one’s genes and inherited qualities compared to one’s environment. This debate is especially interesting in the study of childhood obesity. Childhood obesity is growing at an alarming rate in most developed countries throughout the world and it cannot be understatedRead MoreObesity : The Wild And Wonderful State Of West Virginia Essay1650 Words   |  7 Pages Obesity, and more importantly childhood obesity, is drastically effecting the United States of America and other parts of the world, more and more each day. In the last 30 years, the amount of children who are six to eleven years old have doubled, and children who are twelve to nineteen years old have more than quadrupled. (â€Å"Facts†) The wild and wonderful state of West Virginia unfortunately has the title of the 2nd highest obesity rate in the United States at 35.7% as of 2014. The childhoodRead MoreChildhood Obesity Is Becoming A Major Public Health Problem1367 Words   |  6 Pagesprevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents, In 2013, the number of children (under 5 Years) said to be overweight was over 42 million with 31 million of them living in developing countries. (WHO , 2015), and if not properly handled, could lead to serious health problems like cardiovascular disease. (Owen et al., 2009). Childhood Obesity is becoming a major public health problem and if not properly talked could lead to serious case of morbidity and in extreme cases mortality. There isRead MoreChildhood Obesity : An Epidemic834 Words   |  4 PagesIn the United States, childhood obesity is an epidemic and in the past 30 years, childhood obesity have had nearly tripled. There are 31 % of American children and adolescents are either overweight or obese. And according to the numbers, more than 23 million of American children are either overweight or obese and more than 12 million are obese (National Conference of State Legislatures, 2013). The complications of obesity in the childhood period are broad, those include but limited to: hypertensionRead MoreEssay about Childhood Obesity1310 Words   |  6 PagesPreparation Outline: Vitalba Evola Topic: Childhood Obesity General Purpose: To inform Specific Purpose: To inform my audience of two prevalent causes of childhood obesity. Thesis Statement: While there are many causes of childhood obesity, most are, in fact, preventable. Introduction I. Attention Getting Device: Our society has become a classic case of â€Å"Battle of the Bulge,† as our society now has an alarming number of obese individuals. But this isn’t from World War II; it

The Revolutionary War ( 1775-1783 ) - 1593 Words

The Revolutionary War (1775-1783) was an event in history that played a significant role in the way in which the world is structured in modern times. This nine year long war assisted in the establishment of one of the world’s greatest powers, the United States of America. To understand how such a seemingly simple event lead to the development of a grand nation, one must acquire in depth knowledge of the Revolutionary War. This paper will focus on delivering said knowledge which includes the various causes and purposes, the events that occurred within the conflict itself, and the results of the war. To understand the way in which this country became a world power, one must first understand exactly what led to the Revolutionary War. Before†¦show more content†¦Tension between Britain and Colonial America escalated when Britain, whose debt has doubled to 32 million euros, refused to compensate the Americans for the 2 million euros that they accumulated in debt. Britain went as far as implementing various revenue measures in the colonies in an attempt to stabilize their own government. Among these various revenue measures were the writ of assistance, the Sugar Act of 1764, and the Stamp Act of 1765. Through the use of the writ of assistance, which was a general search warrant that permitted officials to search and enter any ship or building with no evidence for suspicion required, the British government aimed to cease colonial trade/ smuggling with the enemy. The use of the writ, which was seen as unconstitutional in the British Parliament, demonstrated the belief that Parliament could alter the constitution at will. This created tension because many colonist believed that Parliament did not have the right to authorize illegal investigations and seizures in private houses. Another revenue measure that sent negative cogitations to the colonists was the Sugar Act of 1764. The Sugar Act placed new tariffs and restrictions on colonial trade. One such restriction was that colonists had to export certain materials through Great Britain and not directly with foreign count ries. The Sugar Act discarded the right to a fair trial and placed

Problem-Solving Courts are Helping to Reform the Justice...

I believe that one of the best reforms to our justice system is the growing number of Problem-Solving Courts. Problem-Solving Courts are specialized courts that focus on specific problems in society, such as drug abuse, prostitution, mental-health, domestic violence, etc (Courts). I have chosen drug courts more specifically to research. According to drugpolicy.org, in 2012 1.55 million people were arrested for non-violent drug charges (Drug Policy Alliance). This is an astounding amount of people being arrested, which is why I believe it is important to have problem-solving courts. Unlike traditional courts, these specialized courts address the issues that individuals have that cause them to commit crimes in order to reduce the chances of†¦show more content†¦Possibly one of the largest obstacles in creating problem solving courts is economical/political issues. With our nation in a recession many states are seeing budget cuts. The National Center for State Courts stated tha t as of 2011, a large number of state and local courts had experienced budget cuts of 15 to 20 percent since 2009 (Griller, 2011). The article also stated that despite the fact that these courts are cost effective in the long run, â€Å"hard-dollar cost-per-case figures are beginning to trump soft-dollar crime-reduction benefits† (Griller, 2011). One idea to help problem solving courts make it through budget cuts is to have the court provide date periodically that shows evidence of rehabilitation, declining jail costs, and how this system is improving neighborhoods. The Seattle Municipal Court has done just this, and has managed to maintain funding to their problem solving courts while there have been budget cuts to the city government, as well as judicial position reductions (Griller, 2011). Currently, drug courts have been proven to be successful at reducing recidivism of offenders. In the United States there are about 120,000 people receiving help in order to rehabilitate them and to try to reduce the chances of recidivism (Office of National Drug Control Policy, 2011). These programs require individuals to participate in the programs for a minimum of one year. During this year the individuals are required to appear in court and be drug tested atShow MoreRelatedIf I Ran Zoo By Dr. Seuss885 Words   |  4 Pagesdo so. Throughout the semester I learned many contradictions about the Juvenile court system. Not only the contradictions but also the seeing lives of adolescents in the film of â€Å"This is their Normal,† â€Å"Juvies† and the film about the two girls in Juvenile prison. It has shown the difficulties of what the adolescents face when they tell their stories about how they end in prison, issues with their families, and problems among themselves. The adolescents have faced struggles in their childhoods andRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency And The Juvenile Justice System1299 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"good† are children who kn ow how to solve their problems and manage their behavior and social life, and the kids who are labeled â€Å"bad† are kids who don’t know how to solve those problems.† Every day, kids are committing illegal acts of varying severity. Some are involved in petty robberies, others involved in murders and rape. These juveniles become the responsibility of the juvenile justice system which is tasked with the duty of properly helping and punishing these kids. However, this is preciselyRead MoreJuvenile Justice And Juvenile Delinquency1675 Words   |  7 PagesJuvenile Justice has been a work in progress from the beginning of the program because of the evolving mentality of the generations. The purpose of Juvenile Justice was to correct the behavior of the juvenile delinquents and rehabilitation through a probationary period monitored by an individual who paid for bail and periodically reported behavior changes to courts. (Mulligan 2009) We do justice to the youth off enders by understanding the history of Juvenile Justice restorative programs, the alternativesRead MoreMandatory Incarceration For Chronic Juvenile Offenders1355 Words   |  6 Pagesthe crime, they need to be put into detention, where they cannot cause harm but where they can received the right intervention program and mental health treatment for them, it’s the law. The juvenile justice system is to rehabilitate not punish young offenders. Punishment is not the answer in solving their delinquent behavioral patterns. I feel that they need to do psychological testing on the chronic juvenile’s mental and behavioral disorders. Their special needs should be taken into account duringRead MoreEssay on The Mission of the Correctional System 1218 Words   |  5 PagesThe correctional system has three main goals: punish, protect the community and rehabilitate the offender. However, it is unclear how well the modern U.S correctional system achieves these goals and whether the money invested in the correctional system might be better spent. These are some of the points I will cover regarding what I think about the correctional system. Department of Corrections is an agency of the state that is responsible for the supervision and management of convicted felonsRead MoreCriminology : Crime And Crime1410 Words   |  6 PagesCriminology is defined by the book Criminal Justice: A Brief Introduction, which was written by author Dr. Frank Schmalleger, Ph.D., as â€Å"the scientific study of the causes and prevention of crime and the rehabilitation and punishment of offenders† (Schmalleger, 2006, p. 20). People look at criminology in a big concept of criminal prevention but criminology in itself carries a wide variety of functions in treating crime and providing punishment to those who commit crimes. Crime increases when theRead MoreThe Issue Of Adult Courts And Prisons1632 Words   |  7 Pagesheeding their cries for help, society subjects these children to the hardships of prisons. The sad truth is that the majority of juvenile cases are sent to adult courts and prisons, but we must consider the mental capacity and stability, along with external factors that make juveniles act out, and the only time the case should be sent to adult courts and prisons, is if heinous acts were taken and no other solution is possible. Children make mistakes. That is the whole point of being a child: to make mistakesRead MoreTherapeutic Jurisprudence And The Uniform Code Of Military Justice7095 Words   |  29 Pages THERAPEUTIC JURISPRUDENCE AND THE UNIFORM CODE OF MILITARY JUSTICE (UCMJ) Lorna Kennedy* I. INTRODUCTION In recent years scholars, throughout the legal and educational domain, have considered a vast range of topics through a Therapeutic Jurisprudence (TJ) lens, to include, the characteristics of mental disability law, family law, criminal law and criminal procedure, employment law, gay rights law, and tort law. But, nowhere has there been a comprehensive plea for therapeutic jurisprudenceRead MoreSouth Carolina Should Reduce Crime Rates Essay1558 Words   |  7 Pagesex-convicted felons, both genders (males and females), the opportunity to reevaluate their problems and learn from prior mistakes. This approach opens many doors and avenues to conquering new beginnings for inmates. However, majority of intimates are not aware of these programs. From volunteering at Alvin’s S. Glen Detention Center, learning that the program offers intimates the sole possibility to rebuild inmate’s lives. Problem that occurs is many intimate do not take the opportunity to use these programsRe ad MoreTherapeutic Jurisprudence And The Uniform Code Of Military Justice7095 Words   |  29 Pages THERAPEUTIC JURISPRUDENCE AND THE UNIFORM CODE OF MILITARY JUSTICE (UCMJ) Lorna Kennedy* I. INTRODUCTION In recent years scholars, throughout the legal and educational domain, have considered a vast range of topics through a Therapeutic Jurisprudence (TJ) lens, to include, the characteristics of mental disability law, family law, criminal law and criminal procedure, employment law, gay rights law, and tort law. But, nowhere has there been a comprehensive plea for therapeutic jurisprudence

My Experience At The Coast Guard - 956 Words

One of my first experiences in the Coast Guard was a question that went out to the whole company, â€Å"Why do you want to be in the Coast Guard?† Naturally my response was that I wanted to help people. Little did I know at the time, that as I progressed through my career, so too would the focus of my desire to help shift to the people placed under my charge. Starting out I didn’t place much thought into leadership. Luckily, I have had the privilege to serve with several people that have demonstrated exceptional leadership throughout my career. Jeff Dorwart, John Lorentz, Marvin Wells, etc., the list goes on. All of whom have imparted some of their leadership wisdom upon me, either through demonstration or conversation. Leadership to me is the ability to influence others in the pursuit of a shared vision or goal, regardless of whether it is yours or one you yourself have been influenced to follow. 2. For some of my leadership mentors, they modeled the way by their actions and personal interactions. Marvin Wells always maintained an outstanding uniform. He usually had a smile on his face and presented himself as a very approachable individual. In fact, even when I was getting â€Å"corrected†, it didn t feel like an ass chewing, rather a course correction that I ended up being harder on myself than what he was. Jeff Dorwart and John Lorentz were both big picture thinkers. They would shamelessly share the big picture, direction and desired end result with all. This created buy-in andShow MoreRelatedCoast Guard Essay1003 Words   |  5 Pages United States Coast Guard People joining the Coast Guard to become a real life hero. The U.S. government faces a serious problem protecting the home-front and, to protect a country, we need heroes. People can be a hero by joining the U.S. Coast Guard and protecting America before the threat hits American soil. As a child we all have heroes. A U.S. Coast Guard listened to his grandfathers stories of his World War II experience as a U.S. Marine, from when he wasRead MoreMy Leadership Philosophy That Spans My 22 Plus Years Of Coast Guard Service1205 Words   |  5 PagesThis is my personal presentation of my leadership philosophy that spans my 22 plus years of Coast Guard service. I’ve never precisely thought of who my leadership influences would be, I never felt like I could live up to the transformational leadership figures like George Washington and other notable history figures. I’ve had allot of disappointments in my life, maybe someone I did look up to in a leadership capacity that turned into a disappointment. Then again, no one is perfect so maybe my rationalizationRead MoreAir Station Atlantic City ( Asac ) Shortage Of Personnel And Current Number Of Aircraft1533 Words   |  7 Pagessupport the Rotary Wing Air Intercept (RWAI) mission. 2. November 2005, DHS Secretary Chertoff assigned the Coast Guard to assume the National Capital Region Air Defense Mission. In 2006, Department of Homeland Security changed the responsibility of the RWAI mission, protecting the National Capital Region, from Customs and Border Patrol to the United States Coast Guard. This was done due to the Coast Guard’s ability to respond to the Department of Defense in support of Operation Noble Eagle. The changeRead MoreLeadership As The Radio / Cic Supervisor Provided Me With One Particular Leadership Influence1255 Words   |  6 Pagespersonnel so they can focus on the mission they are in place to execute. Leaders have differing views of what leadership is to them, however my personal definition is: â€Å"Capability to lead junior personnel, peers and seniors towards a common goal, whether it is a personal achievement, unit or Coast Guard objective while propelling individuals to greater success.† 2. My assignment to the USCGC ACTIVE as the Radio/CIC supervisor provided me with one particular leadership influence. TC1 Conklin (now CWO3Read MorePersonal Statement On Leadership And Leadership1226 Words   |  5 Pagesneeded. The hard part is motivating each individual to want to reach the objective you have laid out for them. My definition of leadership is motivating others to accomplish common objectives. 2. Obviously, I did not always see this as the definition of leadership; rather, it is a definition that I have developed over time as I reflect back on the leaders I’ve had that inspired me to set my goals higher and in line with the organization whether on a unit level or Service level. These are the leadersRead MoreThe Leadership Practices Inventory : Lpi 3601213 Words   |  5 Pagesbehaviors are reinforced by prompt open recognition, while adverse behaviors are addressed privately and are a cause for self-reflection. Learning from these incidents has shaped the leader I’ve become. 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A year into my experience as a Sea Cadet, when the senior youth leader died at the hands of another cadet petty officer. A third senior cadet, who’s relationship was close to the other two, dropped out of the program as he couldn’t bear the trauma of coming back to theRead MoreEpic Failure at Boot Camp795 Words   |  3 Pagesboot camp. Like any young testosterone fueled eighteen year old male, I believed that, with some preparation, my, self perceived, athletic ability and wits would propel me to triumph over the challenges presented by boot camp .After all, I had never really experienced any kind of significant failure in my life: my football team won the league championship year after year, I passed all of my classes, I had lots of friends, and I had a happy home with two working parent’s life was good, it seemed everything

Revenue Outstanding Measured as the Weeks Billing Outstanding Free Essays

MEASURING OUTSTANDING REVENUE AS WEEKS BILLING OUTSTANDING By SACHIN GHOGLE Introduction Financial management focuses in finding the value in accounts receivable by emphasizing on improving the collections process and hence accelerating the cash flow. ‘Revenue Outstanding’ is the amount due from the customer as a result of an organisation’s normal business operation, that is, it is the amount that has been billed by organisations and is due, but which has not been collected. The management of ‘Revenue Outstanding’ is an important source of cash and hence an important parameter that the management should measure. We will write a custom essay sample on Revenue Outstanding Measured as the Weeks Billing Outstanding or any similar topic only for you Order Now The estimation of time to recoup the revenue outstanding is important to determine the profit of any organisation. Most prefer to receive payment immediately rather than to wait for it, especially because sometimes payment is never made in the latter scenario. There is no one general technique to estimate the time to recoup the revenue that can be adopted by all the organisations. It varies from organisation to organisation depending on the nature of business and the needs and strategies of the management. Although there is no certainty of receiving payments from all the customers, organisations use various methods to calculate the revenue outstanding or the payment that will be recovered later at a any particular point of time. The Weeks Billing Outstanding (WBO) measure calculates the revenue outstanding based on the total number of week’s billings required to recoup current Revenue Outstanding. The WBO is an important financial parameter, which shows the age in weeks, in an organization’s accounts receivable and is defined in terms of the average time taken to convert the outstanding revenue into cash. The WBO measure helps the management to measure the effectiveness of collection activities and alert the management with problem accounts. If the WBO is low, then less time is spent to collect outstanding revenue. By quickly converting the billings into cash, the organisation can reinvest this cash and convert it into profits. 1 The WBO Measure A payer is responsible to pay for the services used. The total outstanding revenue of a payer is the sum of invoiced amount minus the cash received against some of the invoices minus the unallocated cash/ payments received as advance or prepayment from the payer. Some organisations report the outstanding revenue as being outstanding from the date of the invoice as opposed to the ‘due date’ of the payment. The Weeks Billing Outstanding is the total number of days billings corresponding to the payer required to recoup the current outstanding revenue for the payer divided by number of days in a week. WBO = DBO/7 This WBO is calculated for an individual payer level whereas the management needs the overall WBO for a single business unit or a particular territory. There are three methods to calculate the overall WBO for a single business unit. The overall WBO (Method 1) for a single business unit or a particular territory can then be calculated as the average of the WBO for all the payers within the corresponding business unit or territory. The overall WBO (Method 2) for a single business unit can be more accurately calculated from the business perspective by considering the weighted average of the individual WBO over an important business parameter (for example, the accumulated revenue over the past one year). These two methods can showcase the weak link or the strong link affecting the outstanding revenue. After identifying the weak link, the management can focus on the weak payers to reduce their outstanding revenue and to improve the overall cash flow within the system. The overall WBO (Method 3) can be calculated as the total number of days billings (cumulative for all the payers within the business unit) required to recoup the current total outstanding revenue for the business unit (cumulative for all the payers). Though this method cannot point the weak link, it is more accurate. 2 How to use WBO Measure Reference Date: 01 March 2008 Listed below are the aggregated Invoice figures for a Payer P1 Invoiced Amount $80,000 Cash Received $20,000 Open Amount $60,000 Unallocated Cash / Payments $15,000 Outstanding Revenue $45,000 Open Amount = Invoiced Amount – Cash Received Outstanding Revenue = Open Amount – Unallocated Cash / Payments Received US $45000 is the Outstanding Revenue from a Payer P1 Listed below is the Billing Details against Payer P1 Billing Date 1-Mar-2008 29-Feb-2008 28-Feb-2008 27-Feb-2008 26-Feb-2008 25-Feb-2008 24-Feb-2008 23-Feb-2008 22-Feb-2008 21-Feb-2008 20-Feb-2008 19-Feb-2008 18-Feb-2008 17-Feb-2008 16-Feb-2008 15-Feb-2008 14-Feb-2008 13-Feb-2008 Billing Amount $0 $0 $0 $1,000 $500 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $2,000 $0 $0 $0 $2,000 Cumulative Billing Amount $0 $0 $0 $10,000 $15,000 $15,000 $15,000 $15,000 $15,000 $15,000 $15,000 $15,000 $15,000 $35,000 $35,000 $35,000 $35,000 $55,000 DAYNUM 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 This chart shows that a Billing of amount $55,000 against a Payer P1 which is greater that the outstanding revenue $45,000 from a payer P1is achieved after 18 days of billing counted from March 1, 2008. Thus the days billing outstanding that will be required to recoup the outstanding revenue is 18 days. 3 Hence the week s billing outstanding that will be required to recoup the outstanding revenue will be calculated as follows: WBO = DBO / 7 = 18 / 7 = 2. 57 Similarly, the WBO for each payer can be calculated. Consider the calculated WBO figures for n Payers to be as follows: Payer P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 †¦ †¦ Pn WBO 4 2 15. 5 1. 5 1 0. 5 And the Management is interested in the Overall WBO measure for a business unit or a territory. Method 1 Overall WBO can be calculated as the average of the WBO’s of all the payers within the particular Business unit or territory. The overall WBO hence will be ? 1-N WBO ————N N = Total number of Payers The Overall WBO = (4 + 2 + 15. 5 + 1. 5 + 1 + 0. 5)/6 = 4. 09 The Overall WBO is 4. 9 even though the WBO for Payer P3 is 15. 5 4 Method 2 Now let us consider the following chart. Payer P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 †¦ †¦ Pn WBO 4. 5 2 15. 5 3. 5 1 0. 5 Accumulated revenue over the past 1 year ( In Millions) 0. 5 1 50 5 2 0. 2 ? 1-n (WBO X Acc. Rev) . 25 2 775 17. 5 2 0. 1 x The considerations of a business parameter, here the Accumulated Revenue over the past one year for each of these payers will alter the view in which the WBO is to be measured from a management perspective. The management weighs payer P3 about 15 times more than payer P5 as the revenue accumulated from payer P3 is approximately 15 times more than that from payer P1. As the WBO for Payer P3 is high compared to the Overall WBO calculated in Method 1, the alternative to improve the calculation is to use a Weighted average of the WBO as opposed to the normal average. As per the new formula Overall WBO = ? 1-n (WBO X Acc. Rev) ——————————-? 1-n (Acc. Rev) Overall WBO = ( 2. 25 + 2 + 775 + 17. 5 + 2 + 0. 1) ——————————————-(0. 5 + 1 + 50 + 5 + 5 + 2 + 0. 2 ) = 798. 85 / 58. 7 = 13. 61 The new Overall WBO is now closer to the WBO of the Payer P3 who is a major payer for the organization. 5 Method 3 Listed below are the aggregated Invoice figures for a single business unit Invoiced Amount $1. 50 Cash Received $0. 80 Open Amount $0. 70 Unallocated Cash / Payments $0. 20 Outstanding Revenue $0. 50 $0. 5 million is the overall outstanding revenue for the business unit Listed below is the overall Billing Details for the business unit Billing Date -Mar-2008 29-Feb-2008 28-Feb-2008 27-Feb-2008 26-Feb-2008 25-Feb-2008 24-Feb-2008 23-Feb-2008 22-Feb-2008 21-Feb-2008 20-Feb-2008 19-Feb-2008 18-Feb-2008 17-Feb-2008 16-Feb-2008 15-Feb-2008 14-Feb-2008 13-Feb-2008 12-Feb-2008 11-Feb-2008 Billing Amount $0. 00 $0. 00 $0. 00 $0. 05 $0. 10 $0. 00 $0. 00 $0. 00 $0. 07 $0. 00 $0. 05 $0. 00 $0. 00 $0. 05 $0. 00 $0. 80 $0. 00 $0. 02 $0. 00 $0. 10 Cumulative Billing Amount $0. 00 $0. 00 $0. 00 $0. 05 $0. 15 $0. 15 $0. 15 $0. 15 $0. 22 $0. 22 $0. 27 $0. 27 $0. 27 $0. 32 $0. 32 $0. 40 $0. 40 $0. 42 $0. 42 $0. 52 DAYNUM 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 These charts show that a Billing of amount $0. 2 million which is greater that the outstanding revenue $0. 5 million is achieved after 20 days of billing counted from March 1, 2008. Thus the days billing outstanding that will be required to recoup the outstanding revenue is 20 days. Hence the weeks billing outstanding that will be required to recoup the outstanding revenue will be calculated as follows WBO = DBO / 7 = 20 / 7 = 2. 86 6 Based on the pros and cons of the various methods, every organization would select a method to measure its Weeks Billing Outstanding, which wil l form the baseline for their reporting. Then the management has to devise appropriate procedures to gather the required data to implement the selected method. 7 How to cite Revenue Outstanding Measured as the Weeks Billing Outstanding, Papers

Global Effort of Improving Health Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Global Effort of Improving Health. Answer: Issue The World Health Organization (WHO) has published estimation that one-third of the global population has no access to the medicines they require. It has been found that improved access to the vital medicines would advance the global effort of improving health in the developing part of the world and for tackling key diseases like tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS and malaria. It is one of the considerations of WHO that fair access to safe and inexpensive medicines is fundamental for the achievement of the best possible health standard by everyone. In this context, the issue of medicine supply in developing countries is a major concern (WHO | Access to Medicines, 2017). Background In the public sector of lower and middle income countries (LMIC), the average availability of generic medicines is just 38%, whereas, the private sector availability is higher, with an average of 64% (Leisinger, Garabedian Wagner, 2012). However, the medicines of private pharmacies are not affordable. In developing countries, medicines build a huge economic burden on the healthcare systems and households, owing to the consumption of 25-65% of the total private and public health expenditure and 60-90% of the health expenditure in households (Leisinger, Garabedian Wagner, 2012). Progressively more, demands are being put on the pharmaceutical industry for contributing towards the improvement of the access to medicines for the poor patients in the LMICs. Of the Millennium Development Goals, three of them are directly focusing on health issues reduction in child mortality, improvement in maternal health and combating malaria, HIV/AIDS and other diseases (Roffe, 2012). Current Status The WHO considers that in the developing countries, unacceptably low health outcomes are the result of the failure of health systems. The concern is that governments of most of the developing countries are spending majority of their resources on other sectors instead of health and education, and whatever little is applied are either wasted or misallocated due to politics or corruption. Despite international dedication and unprecedented donor support, efforts for improving access to medicines require a vast amount of improvement. In 2014 and 2015, the global drug spending increased by 9%, outpacing both the economic growth and overall health expenses (Moon, 2017). The highlight is that for long what the LMICs has been facing till date, the concern has reached the high income countries too. Inadequate innovation and unaffordable medicines have turned into global issues. Similar to climate change, they are in need of international cooperation and public policies. Key Considerations According to WHO (WHO | Access to non communicable diseases medicines, 2017) every year nearly 35 million people die because of Non Communicable Diseases (NCDs). Approximately 80% of this happens in the LMICs, which could have been avoided if they were treated with essential medicines. Unfortunately, the situation is generally poor in majority of the LMICs in terms of access to these chronic disease medicines. Approximately a decade ago, the crisis in medicine access pushed the elevation of infectious diseases towards being a foreign policy issue and became the reason for the mobilization of billions in global health support (Bollyky, 2013). On the other hand, trade liberalization can have both a positive and negative influence on the access to medicines. It promotes transfer of goods and services, technologies and investments that can advance the access of medicines directly by expanding access. However, the benefits gets contested by displayed disparities in economic growth related to trade and investments, exacerbated income disparities within countries and increased fiscal and food insecurity. In place of public health protections, trade liberalization also acts as a crucial upstream deciding factor of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). NCDs are one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide today (Ebrahim et al., 2013). Trade liberalization is a driver of NCDs via two major pathways. The first is that it can facilitate the global diffusion of risky commodities that causes NCDs in the first place, like tobacco, alcohol and processed food across international borders. Transnational risk commodity corporati ons (TRCCs) manufacture, market and distribute these kinds of commodities on an international level and is considered as a key mechanism. Instead of helping with providing access to medicines for essential treatment, trade liberalization allows the TRCCs rapid movement of investments, production capacity, technologies, raw materials and final products across borders, driving consumption of risky commodities. Moreover, trade liberalization even supports the intellectual property rights of transnational pharmaceutical organizations and TRCCs. It potentially restrains the access to medicine and technologies that are used for the deterrence or cure of NCDs. The LMICs have the greatest need for NCD related essential medications (Baker, Kay Walls, 2014). The main reason behind the lack of access to medicines are multiple, however, the elevated prices are a huge barrier to required treatment. The World Trade Organization Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement provides 20 years of patent protection for pharmaceuticals and additionally counts in safeguarding options like compulsory licensing for making sure countries get the chance to override patents in cases where they become a barrier to the access of medications. The Millennium Development Goal No. 6 acknowledges the need to combat malaria, HIV/AIDS and other diseases, and goal 8E addresses the need for improving the accessibility of inexpensive medicines for the worlds poor. The access is not adequate in developing countries though (Hogerzeil et al., 2013). Majority of the Australians in some way have interacted with NCDs they either had it themselves or knew someone who has. This has taken place despite of the country taking great strides in the direction of facing and tackling these diseases. Smoking related diseases have been controlled with the help of advertising, heavy tobacco taxes and changing mindsets regarding passive smoking. Due to this control, improved medical treatments and dietary improvements, large numbers of deaths that could have happened due to heart disease and stroke was taken care of. Even though the health system in Australia is not perfect, it is still much better than a lot of other countries. Australia has public education programs too, that have made such a big difference. However, the attention still falls short in terms of funding, health policy and program implementation for effective prevention (Moodie, Tolhurst Martin, 2016). To further assist in better access to medicines, the Australian delegation can speak up regarding what they have learnt about in their fight against NCDs and the non-availability of medicines. There needs to be efforts to reduce the population in Asia and Pacific who because of NCD have lost their eyesight. These conditions have had a greater negative impact than many other conditions, both communicable and non-communicable. For better access of medicines, first there is a need of intervention by extremely qualified health practitioner to make sure proper use is done of the medicines. The state and territory government with the pharmaceutical industry must cooperate to take up responsibility of the regulatory arrangements of essential medicines. A cooperative action must continue to ensure efficient, modern registration and schedules that are consistent with the community interest and best practice principles (Department of Health | National Medicines Policy Document, 2014). Options WHOs Ex-Director General, Margaret Chan opined that essential medicines can act as interventions, and if they are used properly can even save millions of lives each year and trim down needless suffering. It is already proven that mortality and morbidity can be reduced with the help of good governance, smart resource spending in accordance with the real needs, and good health requires medicine. A moral imperative exists that equal distribution of resources for the improvement of medicinal access for the needy and vulnerable. Governments have the option of taking the step of facilitating noteworthy progress in the direction of development of medicinal access, even if there are budget restraints, such as abolishment of sales tax, import tariffs and duties on medicines. In some instances, capacity and efficacy in the public sector are low and adoption of strategies placing huge workload on public institutions might prove to be detrimental. It is the shared responsibility of the pharmaceu tical industry, international community and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) to improve the access to medicines. The international community can attempt coordination, concentrate on improving health systems over vertical programs and evaluating the different required and unnecessary effects of interventions. NGOs need to be given better opportunities so that they can contribute to the achievement of the global health goals. NGOs can campaign for increased and better-coordinated health care resources and promotion of sustainable health systems. It is the responsibility of the pharmaceutical industry to the provision of success to essential and affordable drugs in the LMICs (Leppo et al., 2013). Conclusion Proper actions and effective mechanisms to make sure the access to medicine is possible assist in the quality and proper use of those medicines. It is the responsibility of a Minister for Health to make sure misuse and misallocation of essential medicines does not happen. WHOs ultimate goal of providing access to everyone on this planet of medicines is the only way to avoid such life harming disease like HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria. The current problem of access to medicines can be solved somewhat by reviewing the existing practices and incorporating the suggested steps. References Baker, P., Kay, A., Walls, H. (2014). Trade and investment liberalization and Asias noncommunicable disease epidemic: a synthesis of data and existing literature.Globalization and health,10(1), 66. Bollyky, T. J. (2013). Access to drugs for treatment of noncommunicable diseases.PLoS medicine,10(7), e1001485. Department of Health | National Medicines Policy Document. (2014).Health.gov.au. Retrieved 27 July 2017, from https://www.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/content/national-medicines-policy Ebrahim, S., Pearce, N., Smeeth, L., Casas, J. P., Jaffar, S., Piot, P. (2013). Tackling non-communicable diseases in low-and middle-income countries: is the evidence from high-income countries all we need?.PLoS medicine,10(1), e1001377. Hogerzeil, H. V., Liberman, J., Wirtz, V. J., Kishore, S. P., Selvaraj, S., Kiddell-Monroe, R., ... Lancet NCD Action Group. (2013). Promotion of access to essential medicines for non-communicable diseases: practical implications of the UN political declaration.The Lancet,381(9867), 680-689. Leisinger, K. M., Garabedian, L. F., Wagner, A. K. (2012). Improving access to medicines in low and middle income countries: corporate responsibilities in context.Southern med review,5(2), 3. Leppo, K., Ollila, E., Pena, S., Wismar, M., Cook, S. (2013).Health in all policies-seizing opportunities, implementing policies. Sosiaali-ja terveysministeri. Moodie, A. R., Tolhurst, P., Martin, J. E. (2016). Australias health: being accountable for prevention.Med J Aust,204(6), 223-225. Moon, S. (2017).Powerful Ideas for Global Access to Medicines NEJM.New England Journal of Medicine. Retrieved 27 July 2017, from https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp1613861#t=article Roffe, P. (2012).Negotiating health: Intellectual property and access to medicines. Earthscan. WHO | Access to Medicines. (2017).World Health Organization. Retrieved 27 July 2017, from https://www.who.int/publications/10-year-review/medicines/en/ WHO | Access to non communicable diseases medicines. (2017).World Health Organization. Retrieved 27 July 2017, from https://www.who.int/medicines/areas/policy/access_noncommunicable/en/

Performance Management Hearts and Minds

Question: Discuss about thePerformance Managementfor Hearts and Minds. Answer: Introduction An important method of developing the companys employees is to adopt a well-executed and comprehensive performance managing systems. Elements such as performance appraisals and one-time meetings can be employed to manage underperformance in the business. Performance management is an all-encompassing and well-established term which describes the practices driving decision making about employee performance. The practice is far much broader than just disciplinary processes and staff performance appraisals. The method aim at improving the organizational performance through improvement of individual and team performance. Performance management processes which are valid measure the progress a company makes towards achieving its business objectives. It accomplishes this through proper planning, establishment, monitor and evaluates individual and team performance. The practice of performance management in cooperates job descriptions, the recruitment methods, training, disciplinary methods, c areer plans, benefits, compensations, and performance appraisals. Performance management is a process a business can put in place to maintain its competitive advantage in the vibrant economic environment. This process will ensure that a company achieves its strategic goals while meeting the needs of the stakeholders and will impact directly on the organization's ability to grow in the long term. Many people tend to disagree that companies and businesses should provide its employees with a conducive environment that supports a worker can improve in skills and grow their career, this may be true, but I am of the contrary opinion. A favorable environment increases employee productivity, the key issue to remember is that a business has its goals and objectives which it formulates during the formulation of the organization's overall strategy and goals (Kramar et al., 2014). A companys goal is to maximize profits in many instances, and a conducive environment is one of the strategic goals a company should have in mind when developing strategies. Providing a conducive working environment has its benefits to business, your workforce is motivated into doing their duties to help the company achieve its strategic objectives. Employee morale is always an issue in many businesses and providing a conducive environment is one method that can be used as a way of ensuring employees are motiv ated. A conducive work environment improves productivity and efficiency since instances of accidents are reduced to a minimum, and as a business, you deal with a healthy workforce. A conducive environment is not only beneficial to employees only but also to the management. Communication between the managers and the workforce is improved. An organization should remember not to focus too much on the employee and forget their goals because employees shift jobs every time they get a better offer somewhere else. Performance based pay has not always been the best method to motivate an employee. First, it is true that an employee is in employment to earn wages which are used to maintain their lives, and that of their families money is a source of empowerment to many people, and ability to make more is everyones wish. Business owners who are not in a position to reward hard working employees with a permanent pay rise usually use this method of performance-based pay to reward the workers with bonuses and sharing profits without straining the finances of their business. However, this approach has been found not to be effective. Though performance-based pay influences the attitudes of workers positively, the method has been determined to put more stress on employees to the extent that is likely to negate its beneficial effects. Employees involved in this particular arrangement feel they are encouraged to work hard and may decrease their job satisfaction. The stress is also likely to lower the prod uctivity of workers. Employees who are hardworking deserve monetary appreciation which should be a long-term plan such as pay increases because, given a better offer somewhere else, they are likely to leave your company (Katzenbach, 2001). Fast food franchise is always demanding for employees to be at their level best. Serving of a large number of customers is always a daunting task to workers. To achieve the best from your staff, in this case, enrich and empower your employees. Job rotation, in this instance, is vital to avoid burnout which lowers productivity of employees. This practice has been tested to be the most sufficient methods of reducing employees complaints and keeping their mind fresh from the daily routines such as in this case the daily routine of serving long queues of customers. The benefits of engaging the employees in job rotation are that it has a positive impact on the job satisfaction, people engagement and retention. References Katzenbach, J 2001, Peak performance: aligning the hearts and minds of your employees, Harvard Press, New York. Kramar, R, Bartram, T, Cieri, H, Raymond, A, Gerhart BWright P (2014) Human Resource Management in Australia 5 3rd ed. McGraw-Hill