Decisions Essay Example for Free

Decisions Essay Decisions in 2006 regarding discrimination in the workplace centered largely on a theme of time and evidence. The court regularly held that the evidence of discrimination must be clear and that the legal action must be filed in a timely manner. The idea that a person can have been the victim of discrimination for years and have taken no action was dismissed as untimely. A case alleging racial discrimination was held to have insufficient proof of intent and in another case the court held that a union suing an employer for prejudicial hiring practices also did not submit sufficient proof. Finally, the court held that when an employer takes discriminatory action it does not have to be within the confines of the workplace to be discriminatory. First, in a case against Good Year Tire and Rubber Company, the plaintiff claimed that in her 18 years with Good Year, she had routinely been paid a smaller wage than her male counterparts. A local jury awarded her damages based on a series of wage-related decisions going back 19 years. However, the 11th Circuit Court held that the plaintiff’s lawsuit was untimely in that her complaint was not based on actions taken in the last 180 days according to the summation of Ledbetter v. Goodyear Tire Rubber, 421 F. 3d 1169 (11th Cir 08/23/2005) (Runkel, 2007. The court did not rule on the merit of the case, but held that the statute restricts the time frame in which the alleged discrimination was to have occurred (Runkel, 2007). The plaintiff has appealed the decision to the U.  S. Supreme Court and in May, 2007, Justice Samuel Alito writing for the court, affirmed the lower court’s ruling â€Å"Ledbetter v. Good Year†, 2007). Next, in case versus Tyson Foods the court held that use of the term â€Å"boy† is not enough proof of racial animus to sustain a ruling alleging discrimination, but reverse a portion of the lower court’s ruling which had claimed that a racial descriptor was required to accompany the word to prove animus. In Ash v. Tyson Foods, 126 S. Ct. 195 (02/21/2006), the court wrote, â€Å"Although it is true the disputed word will not always be evidence of racial animus, it does not follow that the term, standing alone, is always benign. The speakers meaning may depend on various factors including context, inflection, tone of voice, local custom, and historical usage. Insofar as the Court of Appeals held that modifiers or qualifications are necessary in all instances to render the disputed term probative of bias, the courts decision is erroneous. (Runkel, 2007). That means the court needs more information that just a word to determine discrimination. The court ruling says that to prove discrimination, the plaintiff must show more than just a misjudgment by the hiring authority of perceived qualifications. It must show that ‘disparities of qualifications must be or such weight and significance† that a reasonable person could not have made the hiring decision which was made (â€Å"Ash v. Tyson, 2006). This decision dovetails with the court’s decision in IBEW v.  Mississippi Power Light, 442 F. 3d 313 (5th Cir 03/02/2006). The union had argues that the employer’s standard for employment was discriminatory in that the cut-off point on the standardized tests was inherently discriminatory. The court did not dispute the merit of the claim, but ruled that the burden of proof lies with the plaintiff and that the union had failed to prove that there was another way that the employer could adequately determine employment eligibility. (Runkel, 2007) Finally, the court held that when an employer is accused of retaliatory action, it does not have to be limited to the confines of the work environment. In Burlington Northern v. White, 126 S. Ct. 2405 (06/22/2006), the court upheld the defendant’s claim that her employer had retaliated against her by moving her from one position to another and by initially trying to suspend her without pay, requiring that she file a grievance through the union to receive reinstatement and her back pay. The court held, â€Å"We conclude that the anti-retaliation provision does not confine the actions and harms it forbids to those that are related to employment or occur at the workplace. We also conclude that the provision covers those (and only those) employer actions that would have been materially adverse to a reasonable employee or job applicant. In the present context that means that the employers actions must be harmful to the point that they could well dissuade a reasonable worker from making or supporting a charge of discrimination. (Runkel, 2007). The court further held that retaliatory practices do not have to include financial loss to be actionable. (Runkel, 2007) The overwhelming effect of these court ruling on future graduates is a trend within employment law toward the defense of the employer. These cases tend to indicate that the court has placed the entire burden of proof on the employee when it comes to discrimination cases and expects that the employee can make a clear case for their claim, rather than relying on vague innuendoes, such as in the Tyson case. For employees, this can be a difficult precedence in that other employees are unlikely to back a person’s claim regarding workplace discrimination especially when they would then have such stringent requirements in proving their own retaliation case. This is also likely to have a chilling effect on employees who feel they are being mistreated because of the burden of proof. The reality is that for any African-American man, the mere use of the word boy is inflammatory, especially in the south. Though the word was not accompanied by any racial descriptor, the court held that intonation and other context can be used to determine the word’s intent. For an African-American in the South, that is the context and proving what his supervisor was thinking places too great a burden on the plaintiff. The Tyson case in particular makes it difficult for a person who is the victim of subtle racism to prove it and the Ledbetter cases reiterates that the person must deal with any perceived discrimination within 6 months of its occurrence, compounding the difficulty in proving a case.

Effective Teaching Essay -- Teaching Education Philosophy

Effective Teaching Many individuals believe that being a teacher is an easy task. Our society believes that any person can become a teacher. But experience has shown that not everyone is capable of being a teacher. There are many personality traits that are required to be an effective teacher. The role that a teacher provides for the students is very important to the advancement of general knowledge and higher learning. An effective teacher has the power to shape and mold the lives of young children. They have knowledge of their subject; are very organized and clear with their students; and they show great warmth and enthusiasm. An effective teacher knows the subject and content they plan to teach. A teacher who knows more about their subject can make clearer presentations and recognize the student’s difficulty more readily. (Woolfolk, 2004) They are better prepared to answer the student’s questions without having to be vague with their answers. The less vague the teacher is the more the students learn. It is important for the teacher to know the students background as well. Knowing the child’s home life benefits the teacher by knowing how to punish or reward in order to keep the student from being punished even more at home. Effective teachers know how each student learns and what each student likes and dislikes. This enables the teacher to use the Premack principle. There are several strategies of teaching material to students, including cooperative learning, direct teaching, and mastery learning. The teacher determines which way the students learn best and ap plies the specific strategy. Knowing how to transform content knowledge into examples, explanations, illustrations... ...world. Without teachers individuals would not have the opportunity to get the required education they need for a career. I plan to be an effective teacher by being knowledgeable, organized, and enthusiastic. Sources Cited Dodd, Anne Wescott and Jean L. Konzal. (2002). "How Communities Build Stronger Schools: Stories, Strategies, and Promising Practices for Educating Every Child." (MN, RM 371.19 D661H 2002) Minor, Lynn C. et. al (2002). "RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TEACHER EFFICACY AND BELIEFS ABOUT EDUCATION AMONG PRESERVICE TEACHERS" Valdosta State University Available: http://www.msstate.edu/org/msera/arc2002.htm Woolfolk, Anita. (2004). Educational psychology (9th ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon. Yost, D.S., & Mosca, F.J. (2002). Beyond behavior strategies: Using reflection to successfully manage youth in crisis. The Clearing House, 75(5), 264-267.

Impact of Technology on Our Society Essay

When we speak of the impact of technology on society, we always talk about the positive effects of technology and about how technology has made life easy. We talk about the Internet as an information resource and a communication platform and conveniently ignore the fact that an overexposure to it leads to Internet addiction. We often discuss how technology has made life easy but easily forget that it has made us overly dependent on it. Have you thought of the impact of technology from this point of view? I am sure, most of you haven’t. Let us look at this aspect of technology here. Think of the days when there were no computers and no modern means of transport. Human life was highly restricted due to the unavailability of technological applications. Daily life involved a lot of physical activity. Life of the common man was not as luxurious as that of modern times, but he was more active. Exercise was integrated into routine physical activities. It was contrary to the sedentary lifestyle of today, which leaves no time for exercise and fills days with inactivity and laze. Today we don’t want to, and thanks to technology, don’t even need to, walk, move around or exert physically to get things done. We have the world is at our fingertips. We think of technology as a boon to society. I am afraid; it’s not completely a boon. The Internet has bred many unethical practices like hacking, spamming and phishing. Internet crime is on the rise. The Internet, being an open platform lacks regulation. There is no regulation on the content displayed on websites. Internet gambling has become an addiction for many. Overexposure to the Internet has taken its toll. In this virtual world, you can be who you are not, you can be virtually living even after you die. Isn’t this weird? Children are spending all their time playing online and less or almost no time playing on the ground. Youngsters are spending most of their time social networking, missing on the joys of real social life. Think of the days when there were no online messengers, no emails and no cell phones. Indeed cellular technology made it possible for us to communicate over wireless media. Web communication facilities have worked wonders in speeding long-distance communication. On the other hand, they have deprived mankind of the warmth of personal contact. Emails replaced handwritten letters and communication lost its personal touch. With the means of communication so easily accessible, that magic in waiting to reach someone and the excitement that followed have vanished. Moreover, we have become excessively dependent on technology. Is so much of dependency good? Is it right to rely on machines to such an extent? Is it right to depend on computers rather than relying on human intellect? Computer technology and robotics are trying to substitute for human intellect. With the fast advancing technology, we have started harnessing artificial intelligence in many fields. Where is the digital divide going to take us? How is our ‘tomorrow’ going to be? ‘Machines replacing human beings’ does not portray a rosy picture, does it? It can lead to serious issues like unemployment and crime. An excessive use of machines in every field can result in an under-utilization of human brains. Over time, we may even lose our intellectual abilities. You know of the declining mathematical abilities in children due to use of calculators since school, don’t you? The impact of technology on society is deep. It is both positive and negative. Technology has largely influenced every aspect of living. It has made life easy, but so easy that it may lose its charm one day. One can cherish an accomplishment only if it comes after effort. But everything has become so easily available due to technology that it has lost its value. There is a certain kind of enjoyment in achieving things after striving for them. But with everything a few clicks away, there is no striving, there’s only striking. With the developments in technology, we may be able to enjoy all the pricey luxuries in life but at the cost of losing its priceless joys.

Brida by Paulo Coelho Evaluation

1. ABSENTATION: As an introduction of the lead character, Brida came to the mountain in search for the Magus. There, she asked him to be his teacher. He then approved of it and made her sit down at the top of the mountain and leave her there to test whether she can overcome her fears. 2. INTERDICTION: Upon her search for the Magus, she traveled for over 90 miles, when she came to the village and asked the people, they warned her that the Magus had already tried to seduce one of the village girls. 3. VIOLATION of INTERDICTION: Though having been warned by the village people, Brida still continued on her journey to find Magus.She is eager to learn magic. 4. RECONNAISSANCE: She went in search for the Magus. 5. DELIVERY: Brida found out that he is a Teacher of the Tradition of the Sun, and that there are two traditions, the Tradition of the Sun and the Tradition of the Moon. When one masters a tradition, he/she shall teach the other tradition. And in order to learn, one must be completel y honest. 6. TRICKERY: It is Brida’s mind playing tricks on her, it is her mind that makes her imagine things, hindering her from going into the bridge and seeing the invisible world. Her mind is preventing her from completing the Magus’ first lesson. 7.COMPLICITY: Since Brida had courses in schools, she is having a hard time trying to let go. She limits herself to what she knew from school, that’s why she had a hard time doing her tasks. 8. VILLAINY or LACK: Brida is the protagonist and at the same time, antagonist of this story. When she went to Wicca, a Teacher of the Tradition of the Moon, what she learned in school about tarot cards was given confusion. Wicca’s ways was far different from what she was taught. When Wicca told her to spend an hour of her choosing to lay down the tarot cards and just let them show her what she needs to know at the moment, she was at irst, excited. But when she noticed that it was only her imagination working and not mag ic. She doesn’t know now which to trust, Wicca’s words or the lessons in school. She was torn. 9. MEDIATION: Brida, now going against all her normal habits, decides to smoke cigarette before breakfast. She has given up with her tarot card reading. She felt crying after each time she does the reading. She felt vulnerable and alone and had a sense that a great opportunity is slipping through her fingers. She thinks she had failed. 10. BEGINNING COUNTER-ACTION: Brida phoned Wicca, telling her that she can’t come to her next appointment.She doesn’t know that Wicca already know that. Wicca used the phone call to make Brida spread the Tarot cards. The Tarot cards revealed themselves to Brida. 11. DEPARTURE: Brida came to Wicca, to go into the bridge and see the invisible world. 12. FIRST FUNCTION OF THE DONOR: Wicca made her close her eyes, imagine things, made her enter a library in which she found a book. She then found out that in her past life, she was a so ldier’s wife, Loni. And those voices have been with her since she was born. 13. HERO'S REACTION: Brida then forced herself to work, to avoid thinking, to avoid her thoughts about the Magus and Wicca, of her past life.She wanted to escape. 14. RECEIPT OF A MAGICAL AGENT: After her time travel into her past life, she now accepts that she may be or can be a witch, like what Wicca told her. She had accepted that the power is within her all along; she only had to let it out, to embrace it. Like what her past lives had done. 15. GUIDANCE: Brida’s boyfriend, Lerons, even if he really can’t believe what Brida was saying is possible; he still thinks it is true. He even compared Brida’s story with the composition of an atom, telling her that even scientists have encountered situations like such. 16.STRUGGLE: Brida was fighting her true calling, to be a witch. She has a fear of committing herself. Though her travel to her past life showed her who she really was and knew that it comes to her naturally, it also brought upon her the fear of committing herself to such beliefs. 17. BRANDING: Brida, is now wearing, though it was invisible, one of the Four Rings of Revelation, the Witch. 18. VICTORY: Brida now is able to walk into the bridge. She has resolved the tricks her mind played on her. She have been writing down all that Wicca taught her in the book of shadows. She also had found her Soulmate, the Magus. 19.LIQUIDATION: Magus showed her the way into the Two Traditions, the Tradition of the Sun and the Tradition of the Moon. He showed Brida how grateful he is that he found Brida and that Brida had recognized him as her Soulmate. They traveled through space and time. Brida saw meadows full of flowers, animals she had inly read in books, mysterious castles and cities that seemed to float on clouds of light. 20. RETURN: Brida didn’t know whether to feel disappointed or relieved, but they have to part. They just confessed their love for eac h other. It was hard to leave your soulmate once you’d found them. Brida went back to Dublin.

Essay on Australias Population

Essay on Australias Population Essay on Australias Population The population of Australia has increased largely since the turn of 20th the century and it is not controlled or monitored. Without a population plan advised by the prime minister where will Australia’s growing population stand in 2050? Australia’s population currently stands at 22.8 million people with the birth rate at one birth every one minute and forty-seven seconds and the death rate at one death every three minutes and thirty-six seconds. The government should consider keeping the population constant or to let it rise under control with a population plan. To determine how the population should look by 2050 we can explore three demographical issues: * Population Growth rates This is how fast or slow population is decreasing/increasing over time. Factors included are natural increase (Number of births less the number of deaths) and net overseas migration (Migrants entering the country less than those leaving). * Changing Population Structure The changing trends of demographic structure such as the ageing population * The Spatial Distribution Where residents are located. Two main factors that contribute greatly to population growth are: Natural Increase and Net Overseas Migration. Australia’s population grew by 1.4% during the year ended 30th June 2011. The growth rate has been declining since 2008 when the peak was 2.2%. Natural increase and net overseas migration contributed 47% and 53% respectively to total population growth for the year ended 30 June 2011. Since 1970 the government has supported multiculturalism in Australia and has put together 5 types of programs that allow migrants to enter Australia: * Skilled migration (GSM) * Business People * Family Members * Humanitarian Entrants or Refugees * Employer Sponsored Over the past 20 years migration and natural increase have both contributed equally to population growth, but in 2006 when Kevin Rudd was elected as prime minister the migration levels climbed to 66%, Mr Rudd supports a bigger Australia and the overseas migration levels have continued to rise since his resignation, this is a factor as to why the population has increased so rapidly in such a short space of time. Another contributing factor to the growth of Australia’s population is the baby bonus and paid parental leave, this encourages increase and although it has been falling with the fertility rate at 1.8% and the replacement rate at 2.1%, it has started to climb again. With such low fertility rates, this creates a higher ageing population. Australia’s Population Structure has faced one of its most significant challenges recently, an ageing population; over the past 20 years our median age has increased from 31.8 years to 36.9 years, according the ABS. By 2056 our median age will sit between 41.9 years and 45.2 years. This is until the government introduced the baby bonus, with the benefits of paid parental leave and $5000 to cover the costs of welcoming a new baby into the world; the government has encouraged people to have more children. There are two reasons for our ageing population: low fertility rates and increased life expectancy. An ageing population can slow down economic growth. As the population of traditional working age falls, the rate of labour force participation is also projected to fall. The labour participation rate is expected to fall to less than 61% by 2050, in comparison to 65% today and within the next few years, immigration will be the only net labour force growth in Australia. Another problem is the government’s plan for people to work past the traditional retirement age, a new policy was introduced ‘compulsory superannuation ’, this entitles every working Australian to invest in an industry super fund to reduce the reliance on the pension. Australia’s average population density is 2.7 people per square kilometre, however the population is not evenly distributed throughout the nation; 68% of Australians live in one of

Ideas for Thanksgiving Math Word Problems

Ideas for Thanksgiving Math Word Problems Thanksgiving math word problems are an easy way to infuse the November spirit of gratitude into every part of the school day. Customize these general turkey-themed concepts for whatever grade level you teach. Addition/Subtraction Mrs. Jones baked 5 pumpkin pies on Monday, 6 pumpkin pies on Tuesday, and 8 pumpkin pies on Wednesday. How many pumpkin pies did she bake altogether?Jasmine made 14 cups of butternut squash soup for Thanksgiving dinner. The family ate 9 cups of the soup at dinner. How many cups of soup were left over?Mr. Wilson went to the store to buy the food for Thanksgiving dinner. He spent $17.43 on vegetables, $32.16 on turkey and stuffing, and $12.19 on beverages. How much did Mr. Wilson spend altogether?Grandma brought two dozen cookies to Thanksgiving dinner. All but 3 were eaten that night. How many cookies were eaten?The Pilgrims sat down to the very first Thanksgiving dinner. There were 73 Pilgrims and 56 Native Americans at the table. How many people were at the table altogether? Multiplication/Division Each apple pie serves 9 people. There are 5 pies on the table. How many people will this feed?There are 32 ears of corn for 16 people. How many ears of corn can each person eat?The grocery store is selling turkeys for $7 each. They have sold 13 so far in the month of November. How much money has the store made so far in turkey sales?The pumpkin patch has 47 rows of pumpkins and 93 pumpkins in each row. How many pumpkins are there in all? Advanced/Other Lois bought three turkeys for three different prices. The prices were $18.92, $21.75, and $16.31. What is the average cost of the turkeys? Round to the nearest cent.Mike ate 1.4 pounds of food at Thanksgiving dinner. John ate 1.6 pounds. Write an inequality to compare the amount of food each boy ate. Use the less than or greater than sign.

Making the Decision Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Making the Decision - Research Paper Example Therefore, this approach can be leveraged to enhance the managerial staff. In most organizations, the managers make difficult decisions regarding the finance department. Therefore, the analytical approach is quite efficient in solving the financial predicaments. Research asserts that managers who employ the analytical technique always arrive at the best alternatives and solutions (Nowduri, 2010). Research asserts that team projects are common in the contemporary business world. There are several decision-making strategies that can be employed in team-decision making. Team leaders should ensure maximum participation during the decision-making procedure. Voting can also be employed especially when there are several conflicting opinions amongst the members of the team. Furthermore, the team leader can also use other anonymous contributions in order to ensure that the decisions made are from experts. The leader of the team can also establish group priorities, which help the team in selecting the best options from various alternatives. These decision-making strategies are quite useful in the decision-making procedure (Lunenburg, 2010). Geogr, E. (2012). Managing communities and managing knowledge: Strategic decision making and store network investment within retail multinationals. Journal of Economic Geography, 12(2), 539-565. doi:10.1093/jeg/lbr038 Lunenburg, F. C. (2010). Group decision making: The potential for groupthink. International Journal of Management, Business, and Administration, 13(1), 1-5. Retrieved from http://www.nationalforum.com/Electronic%20Journal%20Volumes/Lunenburg,%20Fred%20C.%20Group%20Decision%20Making%20IJMBA%20V13%20N1%202010.pdf Nowduri, S. (2010). Management information systems and business decision making: Review, analysis, and recommendations. Journal of Management and Marketing Research. Retrieved